<i>De Novo</i>Emergence of Odor Category Representations in the Human Brain

Qu, Lisa; Kahnt, Thorsten; Cole, Sydni M; Gottfried, Jay A.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3248-15.2016

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 76 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This points to the fact that aversive learning jointly influenced exploration patterns at both ends of the stimulus continuum. This is compatible with the view that following an aversive learning, the nervous system achieves a categorization process along the smoothly changing perceptual continuum [37,39,41,50]. Our results show that this categorization process results also in detectable changes at the behavioral level.…”

Section: Cc-by 40 International License Not Peer-reviewed) Is the Ausupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The increased arousal hypothesis therefore predicts an equal but stronger contribution of the underlying specific and unspecific components (Fig 1C, middle panel), leading to a better separation of all exploration patterns globally in comparison to pre-learning period. Third, eye-movements may reflect a categorization process for faces as aversive vs. safe [37][38][39][40][41]. To achieve this, exploration strategies can be tailored to collect relevant information to predict adversity and safety.…”

Section: Hypotheses On Learning-induced Changes In the Similarity Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fear Generalization as Threat Prediction: Adaptive Changes in Facial Exploration Strategies revealed by Fixation-Pattern Similarity Analysis

Kampermann

Wilming

Alink

et al. 2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Learning to associate an event with an aversive outcome typically leads to generalization when similar situations are encountered. In real-world situations, generalization must be based on the sensory evidence collected through active exploration, which in turn can also be influenced by aversive learning. However, we currently do not know how far exploration strategies can be shaped by learning and whether or not learning results in adaptive changes during the course of ensuing generalization. Here, we investigated learning-induced changes in eyemovement patterns using a similarity-based multivariate fixation-pattern analysis together with a set of parametrically controlled stimuli. Humans learnt to associate an aversive outcome (a mild electric shock) with one face along a circular perceptual continuum, whereas the most dissimilar face on this continuum was kept neutral. Before learning, eye-movement patterns mirrored the similarity characteristics of the stimulus continuum, indicating that exploration was mainly guided by subtle physical differences between the faces. Aversive learning resulted in a global increase in dissimilarity of eye movement patterns during generalization. Model-based analysis of the similarity geometry indicated that this was specifically driven by a separation of patterns along the adversity gradient, defined between the reinforced and neutral face. These findings show that aversive learning can introduce substantial remodeling of exploration patterns in an adaptive manner during viewing of faces. We suggest that separation of patterns for harmful and safe prototypes results from an internal categorization process operating along the perceptual continuum following learning.

show abstract

Section: Cc-by 40 International License Not Peer-reviewed) Is the Ausupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Hypotheses On Learning-induced Changes In the Similarity Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear Generalization as Threat Prediction: Adaptive Changes in Facial Exploration Strategies revealed by Fixation-Pattern Similarity Analysis

Kampermann

Wilming

Alink

et al. 2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another brain structure playing a crucial role in memory of disgust was PRC. Other findings support complex multi-modal item representations in this region 54,55 , such as integration of novel odors with visual category information 56 , or integration of visual with conceptual object features 57 . PRC was also shown to reflect semantic similarity between words 58 , yet here we found no difference in the semantic coherence of word pairs between disgust and fear.…”

Section: Differences In Memory Modulation By Disgust and Fearmentioning

confidence: 80%

Distinct medial-temporal lobe mechanisms of encoding and amygdala-mediated memory reinstatement for disgust and fear

Riegel

Wierzba

Wypych

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many associative memory traces are charged with emotion that can either impair or enhance subsequent retrieval. Various factors may influence such emotion effects, including the nature of associations and type of emotions. We show that long-term recognition memory of very close verbal associations was enhanced for emotionally charged material, and these effects differed between two negative emotion categories matched for arousal level. Specifically, memory was better for word pairs related to disgust than word pairs related to fear. Furthermore, these two emotions distinctively modulated neural processes during encoding and its relationship with retrieval, regardless of arousal evoked by word pairs. Amygdala and perirhinal cortex activity were associated with enhanced memory for disgust-related unitizations, whereas better memory for fear-related unitizations engaged parahippocampal cortex and hippocampus. Finally, the magnitude of amygdala activation during encoding was related to the subsequent fidelity of hippocampal activity patterns during retrieval. These results show that dissociable neural pathways and reinstatement mechanisms are involved in associative memory for different emotion categories and that arousal alone cannot fully explain emotional influences on associative memory.individually control for the effects of valence and arousal dimensions. Most importantly, this paradigm enabled us to compare the encoding-retrieval similarity of brain activation patterns elicited across two different emotion categories and determine which brain regions promoted this measure of neural reinstatement.We found a memory enhancement effect due to emotion. Moreover, word pairs related to disgust were remembered better than word pairs related to fear, and this effect could not be explained by differences in arousal. We found distinctive neural pathways preferentially engaged in encoding modulation by disgust or fear. Specifically, the left AMY and left PRC were more activated during successful encoding of disgust-related unitized word pairs, whereas right PHC and HC were more activated for fear-related unitized word pairs, even when the level of arousal was regressed out from the analysis. Moreover, during successful encoding of disgust-compared to fearrelated word pairs, we observed an increase in functional connectivity between AMY, PRC and PHC. Finally, for disgusting compared to fearful word pairs, the left AMY encoding activation was found to be critical for the level of trial-by-trial encodingretrieval similarity of brain activation patterns.Altogether, the results show that behavioural and neuronal mechanisms of long-term associative memory can be differently modulated by basic emotion categories, over and above of valence and arousal dimensions. For the first time, we revealed that due to AMY and PRC engagement, disgust as opposed to fear has a strong influence on reinstatement and recognition memory of unitized word pairs, which is in line with its distinctive and perhaps evolutionary-driven role in memorizing ...

show abstract

“…Para que um odor possa ser decodificado em nível cerebral é necessário que o composto seja: volátil o suficiente para adentrar na região sensorial, parcialmente solúvel para que recubra a mucosa nasal, envolva os receptores nervosos e se mantenha em contato com as moléculas odoríferas por um tempo e quantidade mínimos (QU et al, 2016;ROLAND et al, 2017). Pode-se supor que, muito provavelmente, tais aspectos não tenham sido contemplados em sua totalidade neste experimento, considerando os baixos escores atribuídos aos diferentes grupos testados.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…A adoção neste trabalho de julgadores exclusivamente do sexo feminino, levou em consideração sua maior acuidade olfativa e também por possuírem de 40% a 50% mais células no bulbo olfatório, região responsável por elaborar as impressões de odor recebidas pelo cérebro (OLIVEIRA-PINTO, 2014); e, no tocante à faixa etária, as julgadoras possuíam idade inferior a 50 anos, pois após os 50 anos o indivíduo pode apresentar certo grau de dessensibilização devido à degeneração das células do epitélio olfatório (NETO et al, 2011). Contudo, acredita-se que essas padronizações não tenham sido suficientes para mitigar possíveis entraves decorrentes dos aspectos ressaltados por Qu et al (2016) e Roland et al (2017, em especial, a concentração mínima dos compostos voláteis.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

ANÁLISE DA COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA E DE ACEITAÇÃO SENSORIAL DA FRAGRÂNCIA DA FLOR MASCULINA DO BURITIZEIRO (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.; Arecaceae)

Chicrala-Matos¹,

Maia²,

Gonçalves³

2017

Enci Bio

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RESUMOO buritizeiro (Mauritia flexuosa) floresce quase o ano todo, sendo as flores subutilizadas e pouco exploradas comercialmente. Teve-se como objetivo analisar a composição química e a aceitação sensorial da fragrância da flor masculina do buritizeiro, pelo sexo feminino. Para análise química os voláteis florais captados pela técnica de headspace dinâmico foram submetidos a cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa. À análise sensorial usou-se uma adaptação da técnica de headspace dinâmico, utilizando frasco Dreschel. A análise sensorial avaliou: intensidade, aceitação e aplicação do odor floral. À comparação entre avaliadores à intensidade e aceitação do odor, usou-se teste de Kruskal-Wallis, seguido pelo pós-teste de Dunn (p<0,05). Pelos resultados da composição química, houve prevalência, entre alcanos, do tridecano (81,3% a 86,6%) em todas as amostras avaliadas; identificou-se monoterpenos (α-pineno, β-mirceno, (Z)-β-ocimeno, (E)-β-ocimeno) e sesquiterpenos (9-epi-(E)-cariofileno, biciclogermacreno, pristano). Na análise sensorial do óleo mineral odorizado com a fragrância do buritizeiro (OMB), os julgadores atribuíram escore 1 -"muito fraco", quanto à intensidade do odor e, escore 3 -"não gostei nem desgostei" quanto à aceitação do odor. Quanto à aplicação do odor do OMB: 52% empregariam em produtos de higiene, limpeza e cosméticos, enquanto 48% não responderam ou não usariam em nenhum produto. Conclui-se que a técnica de headspace dinâmico foi eficaz à coleta dos voláteis florais de Mauritia flexuosa, a adaptação da técnica de headspace dinâmico foi adequada para odorizar o OMB e à aceitação pela população feminina do seu odor, a mesma mostrou-se indiferente. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: buriti, fragrância, headspace ANALYSIS OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND SENSORY ACCEPTANCE OF THE MALE FLOWER FRAGRANCE OF MORICHE PALM (Mauritia

show abstract

De NovoEmergence of Odor Category Representations in the Human Brain

Cited by 35 publications

References 76 publications

Fear Generalization as Threat Prediction: Adaptive Changes in Facial Exploration Strategies revealed by Fixation-Pattern Similarity Analysis

Fear Generalization as Threat Prediction: Adaptive Changes in Facial Exploration Strategies revealed by Fixation-Pattern Similarity Analysis

Distinct medial-temporal lobe mechanisms of encoding and amygdala-mediated memory reinstatement for disgust and fear

ANÁLISE DA COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA E DE ACEITAÇÃO SENSORIAL DA FRAGRÂNCIA DA FLOR MASCULINA DO BURITIZEIRO (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.; Arecaceae)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About