Ibuprofen loaded nano-ethanolic liposomes carbopol gel system: in vitro characterization and anti-inflammatory efficacy assessment in Wistar rats

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The objective of the present study was to develop and characterize nano-ethanolic liposomes (NEL) for transdermal delivery of ibuprofen (IBU). The NEL for transdermal delivery of IBU were prepared by thin film hydration technique and evaluated for vesicle size, shape, entrapment efficiency, transdermal flux, and<jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic>anti-inflammatory activity in Wistar rats. The NEL optimized formulation (NEL-Opt) presented vesicle sizes of 32.85±1.98 nm and entrapment efficiency of 86.40±0.55% with improved transdermal flux. The presence of ethanol and flexibility of NEL could be the reasons for better permeation enhancement of IBU via rat’s skin.<jats:italic>In vivo</jats:italic>anti-inflammatory study of IBU-loaded NEL-Opt gel showed significant reduction (41.18%) of edema in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema as compared to conventional gel of IBU, where reduction of edema was found to be 12.50%. Our results suggest that developed NEL formulations are efficient systems for transdermal IBU delivery against inflammation. The stability study confirmed that the NEL-Opt gel formulation was considerably stable at refrigerator temperature. Our results concluded that NEL are an efficient carrier for transdermal delivery of IBU.</jats:p>

In vitro–in vivo assessments of apocynin-hybrid nanoparticle-based gel as an effective nanophytomedicine for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

“…These findings suggested that loading the hybrid NPs into the gel matrix enhances the physical stability under both refrigerated and ambient conditions. Similar results concerning the storage stability evaluation of lipid-based formulations incorporated into a gel base of CP940 under refrigerated conditions were previously reported [ 36 ].…”

“…Physical evaluation of the samples was achieved by visual scrutinization of any change in appearance, color, and/or presence of any aggregates or lumps. Moreover, the stability of APO-hybrid NPs-based gel was assessed in terms of drug retention %, viscosity measurement and pH measurement at zero time (freshly prepared formulation at production day), and after storage periods of 1, 3, and 6 months as described above [ 36 ].…”

Preparation of a novel curcumin nanoemulsion by ultrasonication and its comparative effects in wound healing and the treatment of inflammation

“…Carrageenan injection (1% normal saline suspension; 100.0 microliter) was applied beforehand to promote inammation in the right hind paw. 33,39 In the le hind paw, the same amount of non-pyrogenic normal saline solution was injected as a control. Paw thickness was evaluated every 4 h through Digital Plethysmograph (UGO Basile, Italy) and the percentage change of edema was also calculated.…”

Nanocomposite Gels Loaded with Flurbiprofen: Characterization and Skin Permeability Assessment in Different Skin Species

“…That makes them suitable for diverse biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and wound healing due to their biocompatibility and controlled release capabilities [ 20 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Among the diverse biomedical applications, Mostafa et al prepared a nanocomposite formulation composed of levofloxacin carried into a chitosan and zeolite-A system [ 27 ]; Li et al developed a nanocomposite gel dexamethasone and imidazole for treating periodontitis [ 28 ]; Moghaddam evaluated the tolerance and anti-inflammatory activity of ibuprofen loaded in liposomes embedded in a Carbopol gel [ 29 ]; and Pramanik et al elaborated a nanocomposite hydrogel with dexamethasone for ocular delivery [ 30 ].…”