Ice Nucleation Temperature of Individual Leaves in Relation to Population Sizes of Ice Nucleation Active Bacteria and Frost Injury

Hirano, Susan S.; Baker, Lucian; Upper, Christen D.

doi:10.1104/pp.77.2.259

Cited by 97 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…1 vary by many orders of magnitude at any given supercooling. That is expected from the lognormal distribution of nucleating ability among strains seen by Hirano et al (1985). Finally, there is a tendency towards the colder experimental temperatures for the independent data (blue points) in Fig.…”

Section: Design Of Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…This tendency is explicable in terms of single bacterial strains that were highly effective at nucleating ice having been preferentially selected for those laboratory studies. The extensive data from Hirano et al (1985) and Gross et al (1983), (red points), was assumed to be representative of INA bacteria in nature and agrees well, by design, with the empirical parameterisation.…”

Section: Ice Nucleation By Biological and Other Insoluble Organic Aermentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The freezing of single INA strains of Ps (Maki et al, 1974 ["M74"]; Vali et al, 1976 ["V76"]; Lindow, 1982 ["L82a"]; Lindow et al, 1982 ["L82b"]; Lindow et al, 1989 ["L89"]), M1 (Levin and Yankofsky, 1983 ["LY83"]) and Erwinia Herbicola ("Eh';; L82a,b) are also shown. Except for the observations by Gross et al (1983) Hirano et al (1985) and Vali et al (1976) (red symbols), the displayed data were not used in construction of the scheme. Error bars (red dashed lines) for the parameterisation include contributions from uncertainty in the aerosol size distribution and in the estimation of parameters during construction of the scheme, as explained by Phillips et al (2008). erogeneously nucleated ice crystals, varies with their loading as it must do in nature.…”

Section: Design Of Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observed fractions of the INA bacteria that freeze (e.g. Vali et al, 1976;Gross et al, 1983;Hirano et al, 1985) during supercooling partly constrain the treatment of insoluble organic IN (e.g. INA bacteria) for the empirical parameterisation, as described by .…”

Section: Design Of Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential impacts from biological aerosols on ensembles of continental clouds simulated numerically

et al. 2009

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Abstract. An aerosol-cloud modeling framework is described to simulate the activation of ice particles and droplets by biological aerosol particles, such as airborne icenucleation active (INA) bacteria. It includes the empirical parameterisation of heterogeneous ice nucleation and a semi-prognostic aerosol component, which have been incorporated into a cloud-system resolving model (CSRM) with double-moment bulk microphysics. The formation of cloud liquid by soluble material coated on these partially insoluble organic aerosols is represented. It determines their partial removal from deep convective clouds by accretion onto precipitation in the cloud model. This "aerosol-cloud model" is validated for diverse cases of deep convection with contrasting aerosol conditions, against satellite, ground-based and aircraft observations.Simulations are performed with the aerosol-cloud model for a month-long period of summertime convective activity over Oklahoma. It includes three cases of continental deep convection simulated previously by Phillips and . Elevated concentrations of insoluble organic aerosol, boosted by a factor of 100 beyond their usual values for this continental region, are found to influence significantly the following quantities: (1) the average numbers and sizes of ice crystals and droplets in the clouds; (2) the horizontal cloud coverage in the free troposphere; (3) preCorrespondence to: V. T. J. Phillips (vaughanp@hawaii.edu) cipitation at the ground; and (4) incident solar insolation at the surface. This factor of 100 is plausible for natural fluctuations of the concentration of insoluble organic aerosol, in view of variability of cell concentrations for airborne bacteria seen by Lindemann et al. (1982).In nature, such boosting of the insoluble organic aerosol loading could arise from enhanced emissions of biological aerosol particles from a land surface. Surface wetness and solar insolation at the ground are meteorological quantities known to influence rates of growth of certain biological particles (e.g. bacteria). Their rates of emission into the atmosphere must depend on these same quantities, in addition to surface wind speed, turbulence and convection. Finally, the present study is the first attempt at evaluating the impacts from biological aerosols on mesoscale cloud ensembles in the literature.

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Section: Design Of Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Ice Nucleation By Biological and Other Insoluble Organic Aermentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Design Of Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Of Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Potential impacts from biological aerosols on ensembles of continental clouds simulated numerically

et al. 2009

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“…The threshold nucleation temperature of intact leaves was measured using a tube nucleation assay (11). Culture tubes (25 mL) containing 10 mL of distilled water were precooled to -90C, and those that froze due to ice nuclei present in them or in the water were discarded.…”

Section: Ice Nucleation Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of a Bacterial Ice Nucleation Gene in Plants

Baertlein

Lindow²,

Panopoulos³

et al. 1992

Plant Physiol.

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We have introduced an ice nucleation gene (inaZ) from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae into Nicotiana tabacum, a freezingsensitive species, and Solanum commersonii, a freezing-tolerant species. Transformants of both species showed increased ice nucleation activity over untransformed controls. The concentration of ice nuclei detected at -10.5°C in 15 different primary transformants of S. commersonii varied by over 1000-fold, and the most active transformant contained over 100 ice nuclei/mg of tissue. The temperature of the warmest freezing event in plant samples of small mass was increased from approximately -12°C in the untransformed controls to -4°C in inaZ-expressing transformants. The threshold nucleation temperature of samples from transformed plants did not increase appreciably with the mass of the sample. The most abundant protein detected in transgenic plants using immunological probes specific to the inaZ protein exhibited a higher mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels than the inaZ protein from bacterial sources. However, some protein with a similar mobility to the inaZ protein could be detected. Although the warmest ice nucleation temperature detected in transgenic plants is lower than that conferred by this gene in P. syringae (-2°C), our results demonstrate that the ice nucleation gene of P. syringae can be expressed in plant cells to produce functional ice nuclei.

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