Identification of the <scp><i>Aedes aegypti</i> nAChR</scp> gene family and molecular target of spinosad

Lan, Jianqiang; Wang, Zihe; Chen, Zhaohui; Zhao, Jianguo; Guan, Qingxin; Liao, Chenghong; Liu, Nannan; Han, Qian

doi:10.1002/ps.6183

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(146 reference statements)

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“…The insecticide spinosad disrupts nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which leads to paralysis, followed by death. The mechanism of resistance that has thus far been described is a mutation of the beta subunit of a gene coding for a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor [ 23 ]. It would be interesting to determine if the Phnom Penh population has a mutation within the same area of its genome, or to know if this phenotypic resistance is due to another selected mechanism (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring insecticide resistance of adult and larval Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

et al. 2022

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Background Dengue fever is a major public health concern in Cambodia, with thousands of cases every year in urban, suburban and rural areas of the country. The main vector of dengue fever in Cambodia is Aedes aegypti. The organophosphate larvicide temephos and adulticides belonging to the pyrethroid family have been widely used for decades by public health authorities to fight dengue vectors, but resistance of Ae. aegypti to these insecticides has been previously described for Cambodia. Methods In order to adapt the vector control strategy presently used in Cambodia, we tested 14 adulticides belonging to the carbamate, organochlorine, organophosphate, and pyrethroid insecticide families and three larvicides [temephos, spinosad and Bacillus thuringiensis ser. israelensis (Bti)] belonging to three different insecticide families (organophosphates, spinosyns and entomopathogenic bacteria). The standard procedures used here to test the adults and larvae of an Ae. aegypti population from Phnom Penh followed World Health Organization guidelines. Results For adults, high mortality rates were observed with carbamate, organophosphate and organochlorine (with the exception of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) insecticides (i.e. between 87.6 and 100%), while low mortality rates were observed with all of the tested pyrethroid insecticides (i.e. between 1 and 35%). For larvae, no resistance against Bti was detected [resistance ratio (RR90 < 1.6)], but moderate resistance was observed for temephos and spinosad (RR90 < 5.6). Conclusions The results of this study indicate that (i) Bti should be considered a serious alternative to temephos for the control of Ae. aegypti larvae; and (ii) the carbamate adulticides propoxur and bendiocarb should be employed instead of the widely used pyrethroid insecticides for the control of adult Ae. aegypti on land under mosaic farming and crop rotation in Cambodia, as the insects were found to be resistant to the latter types of insecticide. Research focusing on insecticide resistance and innovative and effective vector control strategies should be undertaken as a public health priority in Cambodia. Graphical abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring insecticide resistance of adult and larval Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

et al. 2022

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“…A splice variant of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor AAEL011325 is downregulated in larvae exposed to brackish water compared to freshwater ( Durant et al 2021 ). Finally, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene Aaea6 (AAEL008055) is upregulated in response to posteclosion application of exogeneous juvenile hormone ( Zhu et al 2010 ) and has also been experimentally identified as the target of the insecticide spinosad ( Lan et al 2021 ); more generally, nAChR genes are known as the targets of neonicotinoid insecticides ( Casida 2018 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Positive Selection inAedes aegyptiand the Rapid Evolution of Insecticide Resistance

Love

Sikder

Vivero

et al. 2023

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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Aedes aegypti vectors the pathogens that cause dengue, yellow fever, Zika virus, and chikungunya, and is a serious threat to public health in tropical regions. Decades of work has illuminated many aspects of Ae. aegypti’s biology and global population structure, and has identified insecticide resistance genes; however, the size and repetitive nature of the Ae. aegypti genome have limited our ability to detect positive selection in this mosquito. Combining new whole genome sequences from Colombia with publicly available data from Africa and the Americas, we identify multiple strong candidate selective sweeps in Ae. aegypti, many of which overlap genes linked to or implicated in insecticide resistance. We examine the voltage-gated sodium channel gene in three American cohorts, and find evidence for successive selective sweeps in Colombia. The most recent sweep encompasses an intermediate-frequency haplotype containing four candidate insecticide resistance mutations that are in near-perfect linkage disequilibrium with one another in the Colombian sample. We hypothesize that this haplotype may continue to rapidly increase in frequency and perhaps spread geographically in the coming years. These results extend our knowledge of how insecticide resistance has evolved in this species, and add to a growing body of evidence suggesting Ae. aegypti has an extensive genomic capacity to rapidly adapt to insecticide-based vector control.

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“…The egg paper was placed in a feeding basin with added water and fodder. Larvae were reared in water with fish food, and the adults were kept at 26 °C, with relative humidity of 70% under a 16 h (light):8 h (dark) photoperiod, and were provided with an 8% sugar source [ 14 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, insecticide chemicals with new modes of action and activity against pest populations are required as alternatives. Small-molecule insecticides that destroy the targets of arthropod GPCRs have gradually become the focus of attention and may be used to develop next-generation insecticides [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deletion of the Serotonin Receptor 7 Gene Changed the Development and Behavior of the Mosquito, Aedes aegypti

Zhang

et al. 2022

Insects

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Serotonin (5-HT) plays a vital role in many physiological processes in insects, regulating physiological activities such as growth and movement through multiple 5-HT receptors (5-HTRs), which were potential targets for some new insecticides. However, the specific function of individual 5-HTRs in Ae. aegypti is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the function of the 5-HT7A receptor during Ae. aegypti development. 5-HTR7A transcripts were detected at all stages of development by real-time PCR. The results indicated that the gene expression was highest in the limbs (p < 0.01). We also generated 5-HTR7A mutant mosquitoes using CRISPR-mediated gene editing. The mutants had an abnormal phenotype at the larval stage, including an aberrant head-to-chest ratio and decreased motor activity. The mutant pupae developed abnormally, and most died (56.67%) (p < 0.0001). Using external stimuli to larvae and pupae with abnormal phenotypes, we found the mutant G1 and G2 generations responded to external stimuli in a longer time than the wild-type (WT) mosquitoes, and most of the mutants were 2 to 3 s slower than the WTs to respond to external stimuli (p < 0.01). Due to higher mortality, mutant larvae and pupae had fewer numbers than the WTs. The egg hatching rate of mutant G1 and G2 generations was lower than that of the WTs (p < 0.01). The expression level of 5-HTR7A in the mutants decreased by about 65% compared with the control group using real-time PCR (p < 0.05). In all, the 5-HT7A receptor plays an important role in the metamorphosis, development and motor function of Aedes aegypti.

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Identification of the Aedes aegypti nAChR gene family and molecular target of spinosad

Cited by 15 publications

References 63 publications

Monitoring insecticide resistance of adult and larval Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Monitoring insecticide resistance of adult and larval Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Strong Positive Selection inAedes aegyptiand the Rapid Evolution of Insecticide Resistance

Deletion of the Serotonin Receptor 7 Gene Changed the Development and Behavior of the Mosquito, Aedes aegypti

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