IL-6 and the dysregulation of immune, bone, muscle, and metabolic homeostasis during spaceflight

Smith, John K.

doi:10.1038/s41526-018-0057-9

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Indeed, it has been very well appreciated that ionizing radiation exposure will cause both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory expression as cellular signals attempt to resolve the unique normal tissue radiation injury that occurs both acutely and longer-term [80][81][82]. This immune signaling dysregulation has also been reported to occur when exposed to space radiation [83,84].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models

McDonald¹,

Stainforth

Cahill

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Background: Ionizing radiation from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) is one of the major risk factors that will impact the health of astronauts on extended missions outside the protective effects of the Earth’s magnetic field. The NASA GeneLab project has detailed information on radiation exposure using animal models with curated dosimetry information for spaceflight experiments. Methods: We analyzed multiple GeneLab omics datasets associated with both ground-based and spaceflight radiation studies that included in vivo and in vitro approaches. A range of ions from protons to iron particles with doses from 0.1 to 1.0 Gy for ground studies, as well as samples flown in low Earth orbit (LEO) with total doses of 1.0 mGy to 30 mGy, were utilized. Results: From this analysis, we were able to identify distinct biological signatures associating specific ions with specific biological responses due to radiation exposure in space. For example, we discovered changes in mitochondrial function, ribosomal assembly, and immune pathways as a function of dose. Conclusions: We provided a summary of how the GeneLab’s rich database of omics experiments with animal models can be used to generate novel hypotheses to better understand human health risks from GCR exposures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models

McDonald¹,

Stainforth

Cahill

et al. 2020

Cancers

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“…The up-regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 is critical for the host because of high biological significance. Indeed, IL-6 plays a critical role in regulation of hematopoiesis, inflammation and immunity [49]. It is also correlated with the differentiation of B cells and macrophages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyl gallate and tylosin synergistically reduce the membrane integrity and intracellular survival of Salmonella Typhimurium

2019

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Nymphaea tetragona Georgi (Nymphaceae) is traditionally used in Asia for the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery and fever. The plant contains various active compounds, including methyl gallate (MG) which are reported to inhibit bacterial virulence mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the alterations on viability, membrane potential and integrity of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium exposed to MG in combination with Tylosin (Ty), which is relatively inactive against Gram-negative bacteria, but it is commonly used as a feed additive in livestock. Besides, the effects of sub-inhibitory concentrations of the combination (MT) on the interaction between S . Typhimurium and the host cell, as well as on the indirect host responses, were characterized. Flow cytometry, confocal and electron microscopic examinations were undertaken to determine the effects of MT on S . Typhimurium. The impacts of sub-inhibitory concentrations of MT on biofilm formation, as well as on the adhesion, invasion and intracellular survival of S . Typhimurium were assessed. The result demonstrated significant damage to the bacterial membrane, leakage of cell contents and a reduction in the membrane potential when treated with MT. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of MT significantly reduced ( P < 0.05) the biofilm-forming, adhesive and invasive abilities of S . Typhimurium. Exposure to MT drastically reduced the bacterial count in macrophages. Up-regulation of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 cytokine genes were detected in intestinal epithelial cells pre-treated with MT. This report is the first to describe the effects of MT against S . Typhimurium. The result indicates a synergistic interaction between MG and Ty against S . Typhimurium. Therefore, the combination may be a promising option to combat S . Typhimurium in swine and, indirectly, safeguard the health of the public.

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“…The function of the immune system is strongly impacted (Frippiat et al, 2016;Smith, 2018) with several studies reporting dysregulation or immunosuppression following simulated or real microgravity conditions (Boonyaratanakornkit et al, 2005;Crucian et al, 2015;Martinez et al, 2015;Thiel et al, 2017). Peripheral monocytes collected from astronauts post shortduration Space missions (13-16 days) showed that there was no change in the numbers of circulating monocytes indicating that the change to an immunosuppressive phenotype was not due a reduced cell number (Crucian et al, 2011).…”

Section: Microgravity-induced Cytoskeletal Regulation Of Immune and Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Impact of Microgravity at the Cellular Level: Implications for Human Disease

Bradbury

Choi

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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A lack of gravity experienced during space flight has been shown to have profound effects on human physiology including muscle atrophy, reductions in bone density and immune function, and endocrine disorders. At present, these physiological changes present major obstacles to long-term space missions. What is not clear is which pathophysiological disruptions reflect changes at the cellular level versus changes that occur due to the impact of weightlessness on the entire body. This review focuses on current research investigating the impact of microgravity at the cellular level including cellular morphology, proliferation, and adhesion. As direct research in space is currently cost prohibitive, we describe here the use of microgravity simulators for studies at the cellular level. Such instruments provide valuable tools for cost-effective research to better discern the impact of weightlessness on cellular function. Despite recent advances in understanding the relationship between extracellular forces and cell behavior, very little is understood about cellular biology and mechanotransduction under microgravity conditions. This review will examine recent insights into the impact of simulated microgravity on cell biology and how this technology may provide new insight into advancing our understanding of mechanically driven biology and disease.

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IL-6 and the dysregulation of immune, bone, muscle, and metabolic homeostasis during spaceflight

Cited by 36 publications

References 108 publications

NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models

NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models

Methyl gallate and tylosin synergistically reduce the membrane integrity and intracellular survival of Salmonella Typhimurium

Modeling the Impact of Microgravity at the Cellular Level: Implications for Human Disease

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