Imaging a medieval shipwreck with the new <i>PingPong</i> 3D marine reflection seismic system

Wilken, Dennis; Wunderlich, Tina; Hollmann, Hannes; Schwardt, Michaela; Rabbel, Wolfgang; Mohr, Clemens; Schulte‐Kortnack, Detlef; Nakoinz, Oliver; Enzmann, Jonas; Jürgens, Fritz; Wilkes, Feiko

doi:10.1002/arp.1735

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…About 45 marine seismic reflection data sets were recorded at 15 different locations throughout the SPP1630 project using either the multi-offset or the constant-offset acquisition configuration. The water depth generally varied between 0.5 m and 5 m and in some cases depths greater than 10 m occur (e.g., [6,26]). Different subsurface lithologies and sediments are found depending on the site including gravel, as well as sand, peat, silt, or clay, leading to different reflection coefficients at the water bottom.…”

Section: Traditional Methods Applied For Comparison 231 Basic Methods 1: Predictive Deconvolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-resolution reflection seismic methods provide the possibility to investigate large areas with a resolution in the decimeter range as has been shown by e.g., [10,27,29,30]. The used multi-channel marine seismic acquisition system by [26] allows to cover large areas with 3D imaging capabilities in an adequate amount of time. In comparison, offshore magnetic gradiometry does not provide data with a depth resolution.…”

Section: Placement In Relation To Other Geophysical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, special difficulties arise for the application of the above-mentioned multiple suppression algorithms from the very shallow water depths investigated in geophysical and archaeological studies of the near-shore area on the one hand and from the applied reflection seismic system which differs from the systems commonly used in large scale seismic acquisition on the other hand. The usage of the newly developed marine seismic acquisition system by [26] consisting of two pinger sources and six hydrophones, allows for an acquisition with efficient area coverage of the target sites with a 1.5 m wide swath of seismic data in a single run (Figure 1a). For profile-wise acquisition a constant-offset configuration consisting of one pinger source and one hydrophone is used (Figure 1b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attenuation of Seismic Multiples in Very Shallow Water: An Application in Archaeological Prospection Using Data Driven Approaches

2021

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Water-layer multiples pose a major problem in shallow water seismic investigations as they interfere with primaries reflected from layer boundaries or archaeology buried only a few meters below the water bottom. In the present study we evaluate two model-driven approaches (“Prediction and Subtraction” and “RTM-Deco”) to attenuate water-layer multiple reflections in very shallow water using synthetic and field data. The tests comprise both multi- and constant-offset data. We compare the multiple removal efficiency of the evaluated methods with two traditional methods (Predictive Deconvolution and SRME). Both model-driven approaches yield satisfactory results concerning the enhancement of primary energy and the attenuation of multiple energy. For the synthetic test cases, the multiple energy is reduced by at least 80% for the Prediction and Subtraction approach, and by more than 60% for the RTM-Deco approach. The application to two field data sets shows a significant amplification of primaries formerly hidden by the first water-layer multiple, with a reduction of multiple energy of up to 50%. The waveforms obtained from FD modeling match the true waveforms of the field data well and small deviations in time and amplitude can be removed by a time shift of the traces as well as an amplitude adaption to the field data. The field data examples should be emphasized, where the tested Prediction and Subtraction approach works significantly better than the traditional methods: the multiples are effectively predicted and attenuated while primary signals are highlighted. In conclusion, this shows that this method is particularly suitable in shallow water applications. Both evaluated multiple attenuation approaches could be successfully transferred to two other 3D systems used in shallow water near surface investigations. Especially the Prediction and Subtraction approach is able to enhance the primaries for both tested 3D systems with the multiple energy being reduced by more than 50%.

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Section: Traditional Methods Applied For Comparison 231 Basic Methods 1: Predictive Deconvolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Placement In Relation To Other Geophysical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attenuation of Seismic Multiples in Very Shallow Water: An Application in Archaeological Prospection Using Data Driven Approaches

2021

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“…Typical 3D seismic acquisition for archaeological prospection (e.g., [19,20] or [21]) or portable multibeam-systems to create bathymetric maps of high resolution were not feasible at the time of the survey due to the requirement of easily transporting equipment to the relatively inaccessible Igaliku in southern Greenland (both planes and small boats are required to access it; no conventional vehicular access is possible). We therefore used a combination of a small-sized side-scan sonar, a high-resolution two-channel seismic reflection/sediment echo sounder system, and (Real-Time-Kinematic) RTK-GPS positioning mounted on an inflatable catamaran ( Figure 3).…”

Section: The Marine Acquisition Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Norse Harbour of Igaliku (Southern Greenland) Using an Integrated System of Side-Scan Sonar and High-Resolution Reflection Seismics

et al. 2019

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This study presents the results of a marine geophysical survey performed in the Igaliku fjord in southern Greenland in order to understand the harbour setting of the former Norse settlement Garðar (modern Igaliku). The aims of the survey were (a) to reconstruct the former coastline during the first centuries of the Norse settlement period (c. 11/12th centuries) and (b) to search for archaeological remains on the seabed connected to maritime traffic and trade. In order to approach these goals, we used an integrated marine survey system consisting of a side-scan sonar and a reflection seismic system. The system was designed for lightweight transport, allowing measurements in areas that are logistically difficult to access. The side-scan sonar data revealed no remains of clear archaeological origin. Bathymetric data from seismic seabed reflection and additional Differential GPS height measurements yielded a high-resolution bathymetric map. Based on estimates of Holocene relative sea level change, our bathymetry model was used to reconstruct the shift of the high and low-water line since the early Norse period. The reconstructed coastline shows that a small island, which hosts the ruins of a tentative Norse warehouse at the mouth of the present harbour, was connected to the shore at low tide during the early Norse period. In addition, reflection seismics and side-scan sonar images reveal a sheltered inlet with steep slopes on one side of the island, which may have functioned as a landing bridge used to load ships. We also show that the loss of fertile land due to sea level rise until the end of the Norse settlement was insignificant compared to the available fertile land in the Igaliku fjord and is thus not the reason for the collapse of the colony.

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“…In onshore archaeological prospection, five geophysical methods are well established: magnetics, seismics, electromagnetic induction (EMI), geoelectrics (mostly electric resistivity tomography (ERT)), and ground penetrating radar (GPR). In offshore environments, mostly hydro-acoustic/seismic methods are used [10]. Here, the contrasts of woods have been intensively studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Parameters and Contrasts of Wooden Objects in Lacustrine Environment: Ground Penetrating Radar and Geoelectrics

et al. 2020

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We investigate how suitable ground penetrating radar (GPR) and geoelectrics are to prospect the remains of submerged wooden archaeological constructions in the water column. For this purpose, we determined the contrasts of electric resistivity and dielectric permittivity from measurements on present-day wood samples, serving as simplified approximations of water saturated and undegraded archaeological wood. As common substitutes of hard and soft construction wood, we investigated oak and spruce wood. The electric resistivity and dielectric permittivity were determined with increasing moisture content from small-scale electric and GPR measurements using a Wenner alpha array and a 2 GHz Palm antenna in a watering experiment. In a water-saturated state, resistivity values of <270 Ωm and relative dielectric permittivity values of >20 were observed. The anisotropy effects and deviations of the wood species were seen to be up to 30%. On the basis of this, the relative material contrasts of wood with respect to fresh water, sand, and clay were calculatedand compared to values found in the literature for seismic contrasts. Geoelectric, GPR, and seismic measurements show contrasts of 0.3 to 0.8, −0.4 to 0.2, and −0.24 to 0.35, depending on the surrounding material and structural orientation of the wood. The highest contrasts were found for wood in fresh water, followed by clayey and sandy subsoils. On the basis of the determined contrasts, analytical calculations were performed showing that an object of 0.5 m diameter can be detected at depths between 0.5 m and 1.5 m with geoelectrics (Schlumberger) and at depths between 0.5 m and 3 m with ground penetrating radar measurements (400 MHz).

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Imaging a medieval shipwreck with the new PingPong 3D marine reflection seismic system

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Attenuation of Seismic Multiples in Very Shallow Water: An Application in Archaeological Prospection Using Data Driven Approaches

Attenuation of Seismic Multiples in Very Shallow Water: An Application in Archaeological Prospection Using Data Driven Approaches

Investigating the Norse Harbour of Igaliku (Southern Greenland) Using an Integrated System of Side-Scan Sonar and High-Resolution Reflection Seismics

Physical Parameters and Contrasts of Wooden Objects in Lacustrine Environment: Ground Penetrating Radar and Geoelectrics

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