Immunotherapy for lung cancer: Focusing on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy

Xue, Tong-Chun; Zhao, Xiang; Zhao, Kun; Lu, Yan; Yao, Juan; Ji, Xianguo

doi:10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2021.100791

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…In the realm of cancer therapy studies, CAR‐T cells have become known as an emerging field and area of emphasis as one of the developing approaches for cancer immunotherapy 66 . Newly modified T cells or CAR‐T cells are used to reroute individuals' immune system reactions so that they can identify and destroy cancer cells that produce antigens linked to tumors 67 . In CAR‐T cell treatments, blood from a patient is used to modify T cells in vitro.…”

Section: Gut Microbes As Medical Signature For the Responsiveness Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to minimize adverse responses, attempts are underway to identify more precise antigens that are targeted for lung carcinoma cells. Additionally, CAR-T cells have been frequently designed via advancements in genetic engineering, which allows for a higher proportion of CART cells to move to tumor regions and improve the anti-lung tumor capacity 67. Such genetic alteration of T cells can happen by viral-based transfer of genes techniques or non-viral techniques including DNAbased transposons, short palindromic repeats that are frequently spaced apart and direct electroporation of in vitro generated messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) to improve CAR-T cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gut microbes as medical signature for the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Adugna,

Muche,

Jemal

et al. 2024

Aging Medicine

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Lung cancer (LC) is the most common cause of cancer‐related death worldwide and poses a severe threat to public health. Immunotherapy with checkpoint blockers has improved the outlook for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. For the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC, antibodies such as anti‐programmed death 1 (anti‐PD1), anti‐programmed death ligand 1 (anti‐PD‐L1), and anti‐cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated antigen 4 (anti‐CTLA‐4) are of paramount importance. Anti‐PD‐1 and anti‐PD‐L1 monoclonal antibody therapies are used to block the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway and identify cancerous cells to the body's defenses. Antibodies directed against CTLA‐4 (anti‐CTLA‐4) have also been shown to improve survival rates in patients with NSCLC. Currently, other immunotherapy approaches like neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (NAICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapies are applied in NSCLC patients. NAICIs are used for resectable and early stage NSCLC and CAR‐T is used to find more useful epitope sites for lung tumors and destroy cancer cells. A patient's gut microbiota might influence how their immune system reacts to NSCLC immunotherapy. The majority of intestinal microbes stimulate helper/cytotoxic T cells, induce natural killer (NK) cells, activate various toll‐like receptors (TLR), build up cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), increase PD‐1 production, and attract chemokine receptors towards cancer cells. Thus, they serve as immune inducers in NSCLC immunotherapy. Nonetheless, certain bacteria can function as immune suppressors by inhibiting DC proliferation, stopping CD28 trafficking, restoring CD80/CD86, increasing immunological tolerance, and upsetting Th17 cells. Therefore, they are prevalent in non‐responders with NSCLC immunotherapy.

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Section: Gut Microbes As Medical Signature For the Responsiveness Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbes as medical signature for the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Adugna,

Muche,

Jemal

et al. 2024

Aging Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[28]the scFv segment of CAR identifies antigens independent of MHC; therefore, it could identify a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens, such as glycolipids, proteins and polysaccharides. [29] Secondly, the extracellular hinge region. This region offers the synapse and plasticity, situated the middle of extracellular and transmembrane domains.…”

Section: Novel Treatment For Cancers: Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intracellular signaling region connected by transmembrane and extracellular regions, resulted in induce of T-cell activation. [29] In fact, a number of active clinical experiments concentrated on the use of CAR T therapy to treat autoimmune diseases, HIV, and solid malignancies. Surprisingly, CAR T cell treatments have had the greatest success in haematological cancers.…”

Section: Novel Treatment For Cancers: Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The innovative approach to combat cancer: Liquid biopsy and immunotherapy

Li¹

2022

HSET

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Liquid biopsy, as an advanced examination approach, has revealed its powerful function, since it could monitor development of cancer synchronously. Sampling for liquid biopsy usually is blood, so the sampling is feasible, non-invasive and repetitively, which overcomes traumatically sampling of conventional biopsy. Moreover, immunotherapy is considered as a novel treatment of cancer. It aims to enhance the immune system response to cancer. One of immunotherapy called chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T) has accomplished great success in cancer treatment. The data from recent study has shown the remarkable antitumor activity of CAR-T to hematologic malignancies. Therefore, this review summarized the principles of liquid biopsy and the evaluation of liquid biopsy. Also, the review introduced immunotherapy, general mechanism of CRT-T, structure of CAR and its limitations.

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“…In addition, patients after surgery may undergo additional adjuvant treatments (Passiglia et al 2021). That can include chemotherapy (Li et al 2022), radiation therapy (Khalifa et al 2021), immune therapy (Xue et al 2022), hormone therapy (Titan et al 2020), and targeted therapy (Tan et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frankincense essential oil nanoemulsion specifically induces lung cancer apoptosis and inhibits survival pathways

Abdrabou

Edris²

2022

Cancer Nano

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Background The volatile fraction of frankincense (Boswellia sacra) oleogum was extracted, formulated in nanoemulsion and tested against lung cancer A549 cell line. First, the gum was hydro-distilled to isolate the volatile fraction (essential oil), which was analyzed via gas chromatography to identify its major volatile constituents. Then, the oil was formulated in two water-based nanoemulsions which differ from one another in the presence of propylene glycol (PG), which is used in the formulation step as a co-surfactant. The pure essential oil as well as its major volatile compound (α-pinene), its two nanoemulsions and a reference drug (Doxorubicin) were evaluated against lung cancer A549 cell lines and WI-38 normal lung cells. The evaluation included cytotoxicity (MTT and IC50), apoptosis (flow cytometric analysis) in addition to genetic assessments for some intrinsic and extrinsic genes relevant to apoptosis and survival pathways. Results Chromatographic analysis of frankincense essential oil revealed that α-pinene is the major volatile compound which constituent about 60% of that oil. Emulsification of the oil using the low energy technique gave nanoemulsions having major intense particles population (85–90%) with z-average diameter below 20.0 nm. Frankincense oil nanoemulsion fabricated with (PG) showed the best cytotoxic activity toward lung cancer A549 cell compared to PG-free nanoemulsion, α-pinene and the reference drug doxorubicin, along different incubation periods. Flow cytometric analysis also indicated that PG-containing nanoemulsion can induce cancer cells toward apoptosis better than the other formula and the pure oils. The same nanoemulsion was found to upregulate the pro-apoptotic genes [DR5, FAAD, Caspase 8 (Cas8), p53, and Bax] and downregulate the anti-apoptotic and reoccurrence genes (Bcl-2, NF-kB, and STAT-3). Most importantly, the PG-containing nanoemulsion had the least cytotoxic effect on the normal WI-38 lung cells. Conclusions These results point out to the potentials of frankincense essential oil (rich in α-pinene) and its PG-nanoemulsion as a promising adjuvant from plant-source to potentiate the activity of the systematic anti-lung cancer drugs.

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Immunotherapy for lung cancer: Focusing on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy

Cited by 10 publications

References 98 publications

Gut microbes as medical signature for the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Gut microbes as medical signature for the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

The innovative approach to combat cancer: Liquid biopsy and immunotherapy

Frankincense essential oil nanoemulsion specifically induces lung cancer apoptosis and inhibits survival pathways

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