A low-temperature process for the formation of heavily doped polycrystalline Ge (poly-Ge) layers on insulators is required to realize nextgeneration electronic devices. In this study, we have systematically investigated pulsed laser annealing (PLA) in flowing water for heavily doped amorphous Ge 1%x Sn x layers (x ? 0.02) with various dopants such as B, Al, Ga, In, P, As, and Sb on SiO 2 . It is found that the dopant density after PLA with a high laser energy is reduced when the oxidized dopant has a lower oxygen chemical potential than H 2 O. As a result, for the p-type doping of B, Al, Ga, and In, we obtained a high Hall hole density of 5 ' 10 19 cm %3 for PLA with a low energy. Consequently, the Hall hole mobility is limited to as low as 10 cm 2 V %1 s %1 . In contrast, for As and Sb doping, because the density of substitutional dopants does not decrease even after PLA with a high energy, we achieved a high Hall electron density of 6 ' 10 19 cm %3 and a high Hall electron mobility simultaneously. These results indicate that preventing the oxidation of dopant atoms by water is an important factor for achieving heavy doping using PLA in water.