“…Gallagher presented the SPA as the basic decoding technique in 1962. When it comes to realtime implementations like FPGAs (Roh et al, 2016;Ceroici, and Vincent, 2014), the SPA in (Mooij, Joris M., and Hilbert, 2005;Chen, et al, 2004) provide further addition and multiplication steps that render the computation complex.…”