Importance and methodologies of endodontic microleakage studies: A systematic review

Abstract

IntroductionIt is very important to obtain a tight seal in obturated root canal, making it necessary to conduct clinical or laboratory studies on the sealability of endodontic materials. Different methodologies have been historically used to assess microleakage of different endodontic materials. The aim of the present study was to comprehensively review different material testing methods used in microleakage studies, their interpretation and importance in endodontic literature.Material and MethodsA systematic search was conducted in Medline, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. In addition, the reference lists of review articles on the topic were searched. No language restriction was applied. Two independent reviewers screened the article.ResultsMicroleakage is considered the single most important risk factor responsible for apical periodontitis. Dye penetration, dye diffusion, bacterial and endototoxin infiltration, fluid filtration, glucose, caffeine and protein infiltration, radioisotope penetration, animal studies, and electrochemical or 3D evaluation are different methodologies used to assess dental leakage. 91 out of 177 articles in the primary search were included in the study. These methods are very divergent in their viewpoints; that is why their results cannot be easily compared. It is necessary to standardize microleakage detection methods in order to more correctly evaluate the phenomena that are found between the root canal wall and the root canal filling materials.ConclusionsAll the methods are useful if studies are performed strictly with large sample sizes and proper control groups and if the technique can be standardized. Furthermore, more evaluations of the reliability of the methods are strongly recommended. Key words:Dental leakage, review, root canal, material testing methods, data interpretation.

Influência de soluções irrigadoras e de materiais obturadores na infiltração apical – análise pelo método de filtração de fluidos

“…No entanto, todas as metodologias que avaliam a infiltração apresentam resultados questionáveis, devido a limitações dos métodos, não podendo ser comparados entre si 17,18 .…”

Novel Bioactive and Therapeutic Root Canal Sealers with Antibacterial and Remineralization Properties

“…Leakage from oral fluids can, not only cause microbial contamination, but also degradation of the polymeric sealer material through hydrolytic plasticization [22]. Sealing properties of root canal sealers are usually assessed through bond strength testing or microleakage assessments [82]. The latter may be more relevant to endodontic practices as root canal sealers such as, AH Plus have previously demonstrated low bond strength measurements but performed well under microleakage assessments [82].…”

“…Sealing properties of root canal sealers are usually assessed through bond strength testing or microleakage assessments [82]. The latter may be more relevant to endodontic practices as root canal sealers such as, AH Plus have previously demonstrated low bond strength measurements but performed well under microleakage assessments [82].…”

Instrument Separation Outside the Root Canal: Handling Methods and Difficulties

“…There are many reasons leading to instrument separation during root canal therapy. The main reasons for these case series were the lack of skilled technology and techniques such as expanding needle overexertion, excessive reversion and excessive pressure, not unchoking the root canal carefully before using broaches, or placing too deep, over torsion, or over-extraction when using broaches [3,[8][9][10][11][12][13]. The instruments themselves may also become the origins of problems, such as repeated usage leading to metal fatigue or over torque.…”