Improvement in overall performance of Catla catla fingerlings fed phytase included low cost plant by products-based diet

Abstract

Phytic acid’s presence in low-cost Moringa by-products effect the availability of important nutrients, diminishing the fish quality and blood composition in fish. Phytate having chelating effects with nutrients and minerals, can be reduced by the supplementation of phytase enzyme. Without the use of enzyme, plant meal may cause water pollution and decrease the fish health that results in higher culture cost. Therefore, current study was designed to check improvement in overall performance of Catla catla fingerlings fed Moringa by product-based diets supplemented with phytase (0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500, FTU/kg). All diets were integrated with non-digestible marker (Cr 2 O 3 ) at the rate of 1%. The fingerlings were fed couple of times a day (4% of live wet weight). Results showed significant ( p < 0.05 ) improvement in nutrient digestibility (i.e. EE, CP and GE), carcass composition and hematological parameters (i.e. RBCs, PLT and Hb) at 900, FTU/kg of phytase in contrast with other treatments. Moreover, phytase addition improves the water quality by reducing the nutrients leaching through feces at low cost. Current results indicated that, using mixture of Moringa seed meal and Moringa leaf meal based diet supplemented with phytase at 900, FTU/kg concentration is the most optimum level to develop a cost-effective as well as eco-friendly fish feed with maximum absorption of important nutrients and minerals in fish body resultantly high higher fish performance.

EFFECT OF PHYTASE SUPPLEMENTED MORINGA BY-PRODUCTS BASED DIETS ON The PERFORMANCE OF OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS FINGERLINGS

“…Similarly Ehsani and Torki (2010) also found that the addition of PHY stimulates the immune system of fish producing high number of macrophages. With agreement of current study, Shahzad et al (2019;2020) also noted closely similar results. They observed high contents of RBCs and Hb in Catla catla were observed in diet having 900 FTU per kg PHY level.…”

“…Sardar et al (2007) also agreed with the current findings and noted higher values of moisture at PHY level (0 FTU per kg) in Cyprinus carpio. Shahzad et al (2016;2020) strongly agreed with the current results of the study and observed least contents of body ash, crude fiber and moisture in Catla catla were found at 900 FTU per kg addition of PHY in Moringa leaf meal based diets. Whereas, non-significant differences were observed by Cheng et al (2015) in fish body carcass irrespective of PHY addition.…”

Effectiveness of phytase pre-treatment on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and mineral status of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles fed Moringa by-product based diet

“…The contradictions and variations in results are considered to occur because of the type and source of PHY enzyme used, numerous nutritional factors, along with the source and quantity of PA ( Selle et al, 2000 ) and protein sources in fish diets ( Sugiura et al, 2001 ). In current experiment, it was found that 950 FTU kg −1 is most suitable amount of PHY for C. carpio to increase the absorption of minerals like Ca, Zn, K, Mn and P. Moreover, increase in absorption (%) of minerals initiated from 500 to 950 FTU kg −1 , while increase in level of PHY (1100 and 1250 FTU kg −1 ) did not increase the absorption coefficient of minerals ( Shahzad et al, 2020 ). Value of minerals absorption was found to be lowest at control diet.…”

Application of enzymes as a feed additive in aquaculture

“…It was found that the optimum dose of added phytase in the catfish was almost 300 FTU/kg (Rachmawati and Samidjan 2018 ), with a similar result found in giant tiger prawns (Rachmawati and Samidjan 2016 ). However, Shahzad et al ( 2020 ) found that the mixture of Moringa seed meal and Moringa leaf meal-based diet supplemented with exogenous phytase at 900 FTU/kg concentration was suitable to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly fish feed with maximum absorption of important nutrients and improvement of the overall performance of Catla catla fingerlings. The dose and concentration of phytase added to fish feed may be determined according to the type of fish feed and the species of fish to maximize the benefits of exogenous enzyme supplementation in fish aquaculture.…”