In vivo analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory potential in Swiss albino mice and in vitro thrombolytic activity of hydroalcoholic extract from Litsea glutinosa leaves

Abstract

BackgroundThe study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro thrombolytic activity, and in vivo analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic potentials of different hydrocarbon soluble extracts of Litsea glutinosa leaves for the first time widely used in the folkloric treatments in Bangladesh. This work aimed to create new insights on the fundamental mechanisms of the plant extracts involved in these activities.ResultsIn thrombolytic activity assay, a significant clot disruption was observed at dose of 1 mg/mL for each of the extracts (volume 100 μL) when compared to the standard drug streptokinase. The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and crude methanolic extracts showed 32.23 ± 0.26, 37.67 ± 1.31, 43.13 ± 0.85, and 46.78 ± 0.9% clot lysis, respectively, whereas the positive control streptokinase showed 93.35 ± 0.35% disruption at the dose of 30,000 I.U. In hot plate method, the highest pain inhibitory activity was found at a dose of 500 mg/kg of crude extract (15.54 ± 0.37 sec) which differed significantly (P <0.01 and P <0.001) with that of the standard drug ketorolac (16.38 ± 0.27 sec). In acetic acid induced writhing test, the crude methanolic extract showed significant (P <0.01 and P <0.001) analgesic potential at doses 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (45.98 and 56.32% inhibition, respectively), where ketorolac showed 64.36% inhibition. In anti-inflammatory activity test, the crude methanolic extract showed significant (P <0.001) potential at doses 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (1.51 ± 0.04 and 1.47 ± 0.03 mm paw edema, respectively), where ketorolac showed 1.64 ± 0.05 mm edema after 3 h of carrageenan injection. In antipyretic activity assay, the crude extract showed notable reduction in body temperature (32.78 ± 0.46°C) at dose of 500 mg/kg-body weight, when the standard (at dose 150 mg/kg-body weight) exerted 33.32 ± 0.67°C temperature after 3 h of administration.ConclusionsOur results yield that the crude hydroalcoholic extract has better effects than the other in all trials. In the context, it can be said that the leaves of L. glutinosa possess remarkable pharmacological effects, and justify its traditional use as analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and thrombolytic agent.

Assessment of thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing potential and total phenolic content of Typha elephantina Roxb.

“…An extensively used thrombolytic agent known as streptokinase plays seminal role in converting additional plasminogen to plasmin. But adverse complications such as bleeding and embolism are related with this agent and lead the researchers to conduct research work in order to discover novel sources of herbs and natural foods having thrombolytic effect with minimal side effects (Bhowmick et al, 2014). As a part of this research work, we tried to search out whether the methanolic extract of whole plant possesses clot lysis potentiality or not.…”

“…These chemical agents account for damages to surrounding organelles and tissues . As RBCs membranes are injured when exposed to various detrimental substances such as hypotonic medium, heat, etc., that is why hypotonic solution and heat induced haemolysis of erythrocyte membrane was chosen as an assessment for membrane stabilizing activity (Bhowmick et al, 2014). Earlier investigation has asserted that various herbal preparations rich in flavonoids and other phenolic compounds are capable of stabilizing the erythrocyte membrane and exert antiinflammatory activity (Sadique et al, 1989).…”

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs; Comparative Analysis

“…Studies done by Bhowmick et al and Gurtskaia et al shows similar increase in reaction time after thermal stimulus. 21,22 It is reported in literature that Christianson and park also demonstrate significant analgesic activity with diclofenac. …”

<i>In vitro</i> thrombolytic, anthelmintic, anti-oxidant and cytotoxic activity with phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of <i>Xanthium indicum</i> leaves

“…In addition, this finding may indicate the possibility of developing novel thrombolytic agents from the leaves of the plant. It was reported that the presence of phytochemicals like saponin, tannin and alkaloids in the plant extract are the probable reason for demonstrating the thrombolytic activity (Bhowmick et al, 2014;Chowdhury et al, 2011).…”

“…In vitro thrombolytic activity of the leaves extract was evaluated by the method (Prasad et al, 2007) with slightly modified (Bhowmick et al, 2014). With ethical considerations, and aseptic precaution, 5 mL of venous blood was drawn from healthy volunteers (n = 10) without a history of cigarette smoking, oral contraceptive or anticoagulant therapy and transferred to different pre weighed sterile micro-centrifuge tube (1 mL/tube).…”