Industri Batik: Kandungan Limbah Cair dan Metode Pengolahannya

Abstract

Industri batik semakin meningkat setiap tahun seiring dengan kebutuhan konsumen. Peningkatan produksi batik juga berbanding lurus dengan banyaknya limbah yang dihasilkan. Limbah industri batik terdiri dari limbahpadat, cair dan gas sebagai hasil samping dari serangkaian proses pengolahan batik. Limbah cair industri batik merupakan limbah yang paling banyak dihasilkan dan berpotensi mencemari lingkungan jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Limbah cair ini dihasilkan akibat penggunaan pewarna sintetis dalam industri batik. Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik limbah industri batik yang seringkali ditemukan melebihi baku mutu yang disyaratkan,khususnya untuk parameter Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) dan Total Suspensed Solid (TSS). Upaya pengolahan limbah cair juga telah dilakukan dengan berbagai metode, baik secara fisika, kimia dan biologi, seperti elektroagulasi, sistem lumpur aktif, phytotreatment dan sebagainya.

effectiveness of indigenous local microorganisms in degrading hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in Batik liquid waste

“…Characteristics of turbid batik liquid waste depending on the type of dye used, foamy, high pH (alkaline), high BOD concentration, and alkaline fat content 1,23,24 . The dyes used in making batik are synthetic dyes containing heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) 2 .…”

“…Based on the manufacturing technique, the types of batik fabrics consist of stamped batik, written batik, and printed batik. The process of making batik generally consists of fabric processing, pattern making, waxing/coating wax, coloring, cooking or waxing, washing or rinsing, and drying [1][2][3] . The manufacture of batik certainly produces waste resulting from the processing of cloth, dyeing or coloring, cooking or pelorodan (remove the wax that is still attached to the cloth), and rinsing 4 .…”

“…The manufacture of batik certainly produces waste resulting from the processing of cloth, dyeing or coloring, cooking or pelorodan (remove the wax that is still attached to the cloth), and rinsing 4 . In general, the waste generated from batik making can be in the form of solid, gas, liquid, and particulate 1 . Batik liquid waste has the highest percentage compared to other types of waste, which is 80 -95% of the total water use 4,5 .…”

Reviewing Batik with Natural Coloring based on the Clean Production Theory with an Ecofeminist Perspective (Case Study: Putri Kawung Batik Community in Klaten)

“…The Ministry of Environment and Forestry stated that the batik industry is the biggest contributor to polluting rivers. One batik SME produces around 125 liters of liquid waste per kilogram of batik in Yogyakarta (Yulianto, 2012 in Apriyani, 2018) and around 100 liters of liquid waste per kilogram of batik in Pekalongan (Wicaksono, 2012dalam Apriyani 2018. The use of synthetic materials in the batik industry has a high potential to produce waste containing heavy metals, which are categorized as hazardous waste and can cause environmental pollution.…”

Residual seawater from salt production (bittern) as a coagulant to remove lead (Pb2+) and turbidity from batik industry wastewater

“…Batik industry wastewater is generated from different processes like coloring, washing, and rinsing of batik fabric. Use of synthetic dyes produces wastewater that contains dyes of high turbidity concentration (Apriyani, 2018). Turbidity disrupts aquatic life of receiving water bodies as it hinders photosynthesis (Yasril, 2018) while synthetic dyes contain heavy metals like lead (Pb 2þ ).…”