The paper analyzes and comments on the results of a regular survey of Russian enterprises in the real sector, which was conducted by the Institute of National Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It presents the assessments which the enterprises gave to the federal and regional authorities for the quality of their economic policies. The paper reflects the views of the Russian enterprises on the role that the state must play in the economy. The viewpoint of the enterprises regarding the level of bureaucracy and corruption in various state authorities is presented. The data on the current investment activity of the enterprises and their short-term investment intentions are presented. The impact of the ruble exchange rate on the production activity of the enterprises is considered. The assessments of the enterprises about the current level of competition with foreign producers in Russian markets are reflected. The current situation with the labor demand of the enterprises is assessed.