Influence of random pyramid surface texture on silver screen-printed contact formation for monocrystalline silicon wafer solar cells

Khanna, Anuradha; Basu, Prabir K.; Filipovic, A.; Shanmugam, Vinodh; Schmiga, Christian; Aberle, Armin G.; Mueller, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2014.10.018

Cited by 44 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The entire emitter surface covered with small silver particles or tiny colloids was the only ideal contact. Surface morphology and defects, including those arising from process conditions, would result in silver particles of different sizes, which will damage the emitter to various extents and block the transport of electrons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic Study on Current Transport Path in Front‐Side Contacts of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

Xiong

Yuan

Yang

et al. 2019

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Double rectangular transmission line model and contact‐end voltage measurement are used to study the variation in sheet resistance and current transfer length of the contact interface between the front‐side electrode and the emitter of crystalline silicon solar cells during metallization. The current distribution and its relationship with the sheet resistances of the electrode, contact interface, and emitter are given at the macrolevel. The model shows that the current flows transversely for ≈50–500 μm in the highly conductive interface with a sheet resistance in the range of 0.5–5 Ω □−1 beneath the designed electrodes. The I–V curves beneath the front silver pad sintered at lower, optimum, and over‐fired temperatures are always linear. However, they are nonlinear between the front‐side and rear‐side electrodes of the double phosphorus‐doped N‐type silicon substrates, which suggests that the contact type changes from Ohmic to Schottky. The experimental results imply that the photogenerated current on the emitter surface is mainly transferred transversely via the crystallites embedded in the shallow highly doped silicon layer rather than the deeper lightly doped contact area at the contact interface.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic Study on Current Transport Path in Front‐Side Contacts of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

Xiong

Yuan

Yang

et al. 2019

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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“…Dai et al studied SiN X thin film deposition on the surface of a silicon cell and found that the thickness of the SiN X thin film deposited on uniform small pyramids was more uniform than that deposited on other pyramids, and its light trapping and passivation effects were better [10]. Khanna et al studied the influence of random pyramids on the formation of silk-screen-printed silver contacts and found that a larger difference in pyramid height led to a higher contact resistance [11]. A large number of studies have shown that the better the pyramidal texture uniformity is, the better the photoelectric characteristics of the silicon cell are.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standard Deviation Quantitative Characterization and Process Optimization of the Pyramidal Texture of Monocrystalline Silicon Cells

Fang

Jang

et al. 2020

Materials

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To quantitatively characterize the pyramidal texture of monocrystalline silicon cells and to optimize the parameters of the texturing process, the relative standard deviation Sh was proposed to quantitatively characterize the uniformity of the pyramidal texture. Referring to the definition and calculation of the standard deviation in mathematical statistics, Sh was defined as the standard deviation of the pyramid relative height hi after normalization of the pyramid height Hi of monocrystalline silicon wafer surfaces. Six different silicon cells, with different pyramidal textures, were obtained by applying different texturing times. The relationships between Sh and the photoelectric characteristics were analyzed. The feasibility of quantitatively characterizing the uniformity of the pyramidal texture using Sh was verified. By fitting the Sh curve, the feasibility of optimizing the texturing process parameters and predicting the photoelectric characteristics using Sh was verified. The experimental and analytical results indicate that, when the relative standard deviation Sh was smaller, the uniformity of the pyramidal texture obtained by texturing was better. The photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the silicon cells monotonically increased with decreasing Sh. The silicon cell obtained by texturing with 2% tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution for 18.1 min had a textured surface with a minimum of Sh, the reflectivity of the silicon cell reached its minimum value of 2.28%, and the PCE reached its maximum value of 19.76%.

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“…Additionally, for both MWSS sc-Si and mc-Si wafers, there are also well-established surface texturing processes available. The current industry standards are an alkali-based process for MWSS sc-Si 4,5,6 and an acid-based process for MWSS mc-Si 7,8,9,10 , the latter of which relies heavily on the formation of thick saw damage on the mc-Si wafer surface during the MWSS process 11,12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this also makes the texturing of DWS wafers much more complicated than MWSS wafers. While the lack of deep and dense saw damage is not an issue in sc-Si wafers that use alkaline texturing 17 , mc-Si texturing using the standard anisotropic acidic micro-texturing process is not applicable as it is known to require deep saw damage to be effective 6,8,18 . In addition, due to the difference between the acidic and alkaline micro-texturing processes, the equipment used for sc-Si and mc-Si are different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MACE nano-texture process applicable for both single- and multi-crystalline diamond-wire sawn Si solar cells

Chen

Zha

et al. 2019

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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Influence of random pyramid surface texture on silver screen-printed contact formation for monocrystalline silicon wafer solar cells

Cited by 44 publications

References 32 publications

Macroscopic Study on Current Transport Path in Front‐Side Contacts of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

Macroscopic Study on Current Transport Path in Front‐Side Contacts of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

Standard Deviation Quantitative Characterization and Process Optimization of the Pyramidal Texture of Monocrystalline Silicon Cells

MACE nano-texture process applicable for both single- and multi-crystalline diamond-wire sawn Si solar cells

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