Information for Policy Design: Modelling Participation in a Farm Woodland Incentive Scheme

Abstract

Z ncrntivc schcnra which use Jmnurs and landownm as agents oJPliq me now the main driving fa Jor modifing the counhysidr environment. N n m t h e k , plqmaken lack quantitative nwdefs thai dam'& Jmmm' r e s w e to schemes, and spcci/idy thm enhy h i o m . This p p e r mmines the h f i t s f r o f i l modelling enhy h i m with and without additumd i n J m t i o n generated thmgh surveys oJ prticipnls and nonjmticipnb. It uses IDglt models to pmiict the probabilig oJentv into a J a m woodland i n d i v e s c h , initiab using on(y those nglanae vmi& that are available to pliqmnrkn from the annual J a m m. The model p J m d l in tdmtibng those Jatlosr prduposing fmmn to entry. The potential gains J b m enhancing the inJnmation set 6y inrOrpomting liJut~& and other vanablu not rec& in the umw are examinad. The cart oJ additional s u n y s , and their s d sump& size comprad with the VNW. casts doubt on the d u e oJsuch an appnmch which may d u u mthn than enhance pndrctivc porUn:

Ethological farm programs and the “market” for animal welfare

“…Farm size often positively influences willingness to participate (Crabtree et al, 1998;McInerney et al, 2000;Damianos and Giannakopoulos, 2002). The above-average participation by large farms is probably due to economies of scale and to better access to program information.…”

“…4. In less favored areas, opportunity costs seem to be lower, so that farmers participate to a greater extent (Crabtree et al, 1998). 5.…”

The influence of farmer demographic characteristics on environmental behaviour: A review

“…Entry into agri-environmental schemes, environmental outreach programs, and the adoption of more environmentally benign methods in agriculture are widely regarded as environmental behaviours (e.g. Bager & Proost, 1997;Crabtree et al, 1998;Ondersteijn et al, 2003;Kabii & Horwitz, 2006;Jackson-Smith & McEvoy, 2011). In this review 'environmental behaviour' thus refers to engagement with agrienvironmental/conservation programs or farming practices that are widely accepted as more environmentally benign than intensive agriculture or that improve biodiversity on the farm.…”

“…A common observation of farming experience and environmental behaviour is that farmers with past experience with agri-environmental schemes show increased likelihood of engagement or greater engagement in new schemes (Crabtree et al, 1998;Smithers & Furman, 2003;Lobley et al, 2004;Defrancesco, 2008: Siebert et al, 2006, 2010Jongeneel et al, 2008;Moon et al, 2012). Likewise, those with experience in intensive agriculture are more likely to be 'production maximisers' (Brodt et al, 2006) or 'disengaged' from environmental behaviours due to significantly stronger farming connections (McCann, 1997;Raymond & Brown, 2011).…”

Main-d’œuvre agricole et Plan de développement rural en Écosse

“…Les exploitations les plus grandes sont plus susceptibles de profiter des programmes agro-environnementaux (Battershill et Gilg, 1997 ;Wilson et Hart, 2000 ;McNally, 2002) car, non seulement leurs coûts fixes sont plus bas (Ilbery et Bowler, 1998 ;Flaten, 2002), mais elles ont aussi une diversité d'habitat plus large (Morris et Young, 1997 ;Falconer, 2000 ;Wilson et Hart, 2000) -ce dernier point étant favorisé par le système de points des programmes agro-environnementaux -et peuvent intégrer plus facilement les demandes et les tâches de ces programmes dans leurs pratiques de gestion (DEFRA, 2002). De plus, l'agrandissement de la taille de l'exploitation augmente la possibilité pour les agriculteurs d'entreprendre des activités de foresterie sur l'exploitation (Scambler, 1989 ;Gasson et Hill, 1990 ;Crabtree et al, 1998) 49 En prenant en compte l'importance des successeurs pour le maintien des exploitations familiales et le fait qu'ils répondent favorablement aux demandes que le PDRE veut développer, la question du maintien des jeunes agriculteurs reste importante pour le PDR. La difficulté vient du fait que les exploitations familiales et leurs entreprises (avec ou sans agriculture) doivent (avant tout) être suffisamment profitables pour encourager les membres les plus jeunes des familles à rester sur l'exploitation.…”