Z ncrntivc schcnra which use Jmnurs and landownm as agents oJPliq me now the main driving fa Jor modifing the counhysidr environment. N n m t h e k , plqmaken lack quantitative nwdefs thai dam'& Jmmm' r e s w e to schemes, and spcci/idy thm enhy h i o m . This p p e r mmines the h f i t s f r o f i l modelling enhy h i m with and without additumd i n J m t i o n generated thmgh surveys oJ prticipnls and nonjmticipnb. It uses IDglt models to pmiict the probabilig oJentv into a J a m woodland i n d i v e s c h , initiab using on(y those nglanae vmi& that are available to pliqmnrkn from the annual J a m m. The model p J m d l in tdmtibng those Jatlosr prduposing fmmn to entry. The potential gains J b m enhancing the inJnmation set 6y inrOrpomting liJut~& and other vanablu not rec& in the umw are examinad. The cart oJ additional s u n y s , and their s d sump& size comprad with the VNW. casts doubt on the d u e oJsuch an appnmch which may d u u mthn than enhance pndrctivc porUn:

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This paper considers the external costs of public access on privately-owned farm and estate land in Scotland. The increased costs and reductions in income associated with public access are found to be highly variable and site-specific, with the main effects on land in areas of high population density or high scenic quality, or with recreational attributes. Although costs were on average higher for estates, reflecting their larger area and recreational potential, on a per-hectare basis the costs of access were greater for the farm sector. Whilst much of the public access exists through de facto rights on open-access land, there was evidence for an increasing commercialization of open-air recreation, particularly with respect to more specialized activities. The discussion considers the extent to which the costs of access for land managers are reflected in policies determining the public provision of countryside access.

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