Infrared Microscopic Imaging of Bone: Spatial Distribution of CO32−

Ouyang, Hao; Paschalis, Eleftherios P.; Mayo, W. E.; Boskey, Adele L.; Mendelsohn, Richard

doi:10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.5.893

Cited by 140 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…4). Type A and type B carbonates, which are observed in the bone 19) , were only slightly detected in the VC of the aortic rings cultured in HiP medium in the present study (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Mineral Composition of Phosphate-Induced Calcification in a Rat Aortic Tissue Culture Model

Sonou

Ohya

Yashiro

et al. 2015

JAT

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Aim: High phosphorus conditions promote vascular calcification (VC) in both chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and experimental models. However, the composition of medial calcification has not been accurately determined, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the mineral composition of calcification in a tissue culture model, not a cell culture system. Methods: Aortic rings obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated in serum-supplemented medium for 10 days. The inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentration of the medium was increased to induce VC, which was assessed by histology, imaging, and spectroscopy. The mineral composition of the calcification was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping. Results: The calcium content significantly increased only in aortic rings cultured for 10 days in the high-Pi medium (HiP: 3.8 mmol/L). The concentration of the phosphate transporter Pit-1 in the aortic tissue exposed to HiP was higher than that in the control incubated sections. The FTIR images and spectra indicated that PO4 3 was mostly distributed as hydroxyapatite in the medial calcification of aortic rings cultured in HiP. A small quantity of carbonate was identified. The SEM -EDX overlay map demonstrated that phosphorus and calcium simultaneously accumulated and localized in the area of medial calcification induced by exposure to HiP. Conclusion: This is the first report of accurate determination of the chemical composition of aortic medial calcification. Exposure to high Pi concentration augments aortic calcification via an increase in Pit-1, which mainly contains calcium phosphate.

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“…4). Type A and type B carbonates, which are observed in the bone 19) , were only slightly detected in the VC of the aortic rings cultured in HiP medium in the present study (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Mineral Composition of Phosphate-Induced Calcification in a Rat Aortic Tissue Culture Model

Sonou

Ohya

Yashiro

et al. 2015

JAT

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“…The minor face remains undetermined. ), and other ions, but relatively little hydroxide (43), and containing 4-7 wt % carbonate replacing phosphate (32). The distinction of bone apatite from HAP is highlighted by comparing spectra of native bone with the same collagen matrix (rat tail tendon) following remineralization with hydroxyapatite (SI Appendix, Fig.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the carbonate dependence of the Raman intensity (SI Appendix, Fig. S2) (31), we obtained a carbonate content of 5%, which is within the range of carbonate concentration in bone (4-7%) (32). The Raman spectrum of OCP (Fig.…”

Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Mineral Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Energetic basis for the molecular-scale organization of bone

Tao

Battle

Pan

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The remarkable properties of bone derive from a highly organized arrangement of coaligned nanometer-scale apatite platelets within a fibrillar collagen matrix. The origin of this arrangement is poorly understood and the crystal structures of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and the nonmineralized collagen fibrils alone do not provide an explanation. Moreover, little is known about collagen-apatite interaction energies, which should strongly influence both the molecular-scale organization and the resulting mechanical properties of the composite. We investigated collagen-mineral interactions by combining dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS) measurements of binding energies with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of binding and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations of collagen adsorption on single crystals of calcium phosphate for four mineral phases of potential importance in bone formation. In all cases, we observe a strong preferential orientation of collagen binding, but comparison between the observed orientations and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses of native tissues shows that only calcium-deficient apatite (CDAP) provides an interface with collagen that is consistent with both. MD simulations predict preferred collagen orientations that agree with observations, and results from both MD and DFS reveal large values for the binding energy due to multiple binding sites. These findings reconcile apparent contradictions inherent in a hydroxyapatite or carbonated apatite (CAP) model of bone mineral and provide an energetic rationale for the molecular-scale organization of bone.biomineralization | bone | protein-mineral interface | dynamic force spectroscopy B one is a natural protein-mineral composite consisting of nonstoichiometric nanometer-scale carbonated apatite crystallites inside a fibrillar protein matrix. The matrix is mainly composed of type I collagen and is organized on multiple length scales (1, 2). At the shortest scale, three polypeptide chains form a triple helix referred to as a tropocollagen molecule that is ∼300 nm in length and 1.5 nm in diameter. These helices are arranged in a quasi-hexagonal bundle in which they overlap and intertwine to form microfibrils containing "hole zones," where there is a gap between the N termini of one helix and the C termini of another (3-5). These microfibrils are further bundled both laterally and longitudinally to form native collagen (3, 4).Within this highly organized scaffold, apatite crystallites form nanometer-scale platelets (6-9) with their [001] axes preferentially aligned parallel to the fibril axis (10-15) and the platelet faces defined by {100} crystal planes (16). Recent in vitro investigations of hydroxyapatite (HAP) formation within collagen fibrils revealed a multistage process in which amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) first infiltrated through the hole zones and then converted into HAP platelets with initial mineral deposition occurring near the hole zones (11, 13). In vitro transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscop...

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“…The majority of these studies have employed transmission methods of analysis, which require the sample to be present as thin sections approximately 6µm thick (Ouyang et al, 2001;Paschalis et al, 2001;Gadaleta et al, 1996;Mendelsohn et al, 1999Mendelsohn et al, , 2000. Unfortunately, thin sections of reproducible thickness are difficult to obtain with urinary stones because of the fragile nature of the material (Murphy & Pyrah, 1962;Cifuentes, 1977).…”

Section: Optical and Stereoscopic Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%