Ingroup Identification as the Inclusion of Ingroup in the Self

Abstract

This article presents a basic conceptualization of ingroup identification as the degree to which the ingroup is included in the self and introduces the Inclusion of Ingroup in the Self (IIS) measure to reflect this conceptualization. Using responses from samples of women and ethnic minority groups, four studies demonstrate the utility of this conceptualization of ingroup identification and provide support for the IIS. Results from these studies establish construct validity, concurrent and discriminant validity, and high degrees of test-retest reliability for the IIS. Reaction time evi-dence also is provided, supporting the use of the IIS as a measure of ingroup identification. Particular strengths of this conceptualization of ingroup identification and potential uses for the IIS are discussed.

Predictors of White Adoptive Parents’ Cultural and Racial Socialization Behaviors With Their Asian Adopted Children

“…Contrary to hypotheses, neither of the two scales was correlated with mothers' identification with Whites, assessed using the Inclusion of the Ingroup in the Self pictorial measure with overlapping circles (Tropp & Wright, 2001) and Swim and Mallet's (2007) White racial identity scale which assessed how similar and close participants feel to other Whites.…”

Forms, Frequency, and Correlates of Perceived Anti-Atheist Discrimination

“…Group identification is defined as the importance of group membership (i.e., the defining characteristic shared with certain others) to selfdefinition (Tropp & Wright, 2001). Some group-identification theories focus on the victim's internal psychological process.…”

When failing feels good—Relative prototypicality for a high-status group can counteract ego-threat after individual failure

“…Since feelings of self-worth have been shown to depend largely on affiliations with relevant social groups (Tropp & Wright, 2001), not only does mere membership represent a source for a positive self-view, but the more people comply with the requirements and norms necessary to become a central member of the group, the higher people advance in group hierarchies and the more they are imbued with popularity and social influence (Eidelman et al, 2006;Hogg, 2001Hogg, , 2005. As a consequence, ingroup prototypicality fosters positive self evaluations (Anderson et al, 2006).…”