Insertion of Platinum Particles in Bacterial Cellulose Membranes from PtCl₄ and H₂PtCl₆ Precursors

Abstract

Summary The Pt nanoparticles have been synthesized in situ using bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes as the matrix. The BC was immersed in a solution of PtCl4 and H2PtCl6 as Pt(IV) precursors also in surfactant stabilized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) as carbon source. Then, the Pt(IV) was reduced by hydrogen gas. Two routes have been applied for the insertion Pt particles; in the first route the Pt particles were inserted before the insertion of MWCNT and in the second route the other way around was applied. The products of these two insertion routes for each precursor are designated as BC‐PtPtCl4‐MWCNT, BC‐PtnormalH2PtCl6‐MWCNT for the first route and BC‐MWCNT‐PtPtCl4, BC‐MWCNT‐PtnormalH2PtCl6 for the second route, respectively. Both routes revealed that the Pt particles insertion in BC depends on the type of precursors and insertion routes, as seen from the morphology and Pt particles content. The first route produces Pt diameter of 26 nm while the second one 42 nm. The use of PtCl4 in the first route resulted in higher content of Pt particles (50%) compared to H2PtCl6 (39%). On the other hand, the type of precursor did not give any significant effect to the content of Pt inserted; both gave 29% of Pt to the second route. The high Pt content observed on the BC‐PtPtCl4‐MWCNT membrane surface is possible because PtCl4 precursor forms H2[PtCl4(OH)2] that initially can be bound via hydrogen bonding to the BC backbone. It is concluded that smaller size and high content of Pt particles have been obtained from PtCl4 precursor, the distribution of Pt particles and MWCNT are almost homogenous in the BC‐PtPtCl4‐MWCNT membrane derived from precursor PtCl4.

Catalytic hydrogenation of n-butene with nanosized Pt/NBCNT hybrid membranes reinforced with bacterial cellulose

“…In the next step, as-prepared BC-NBCNT membranes (100 mg) were impregnated by a 0.5 cm 3 20 wt% platinum solution (0.04 g H 2 PtCl 6 9 H 2 O in 0.5 cm 3 water). Two similar synthesis routes were published recently [7]. During the process, 0.25 cm 3 of platinum solution was added dropwise to both sides of the membranes.…”

“…To overcome limitations and to further improve the effectiveness of catalysts, many researchers have focused on the development of material-supported Pt catalysts. In this regard, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [6] and bacterial cellulose (BC) [7] are of interest in the development of a novel hybrid membrane catalyst for a wide range of applications.…”

“…The preparation of Pt nanoparticles using fibrous materials-e.g. BC and CNT-could be one of the most promising ways for hybrid membrane catalyst development, since these materials form 3D networks which allow the deposition of Pt nanoparticles on their surface cavities [7]. As the poor conductivity of BC can hinder its application as a support of the catalyst, the development of hybrid membranes could be an alternative way to improve the catalytic properties of as-prepared materials.…”

“…Although a recent review presents the advantages and usage of cellulose, nanocellulose and carbon nanotubes mixed materials [22], the preparation and application of BCsupported CNT membranes deposited with Pt nanoparticles still have not investigated widely. Aritonang et al [7] presented two different synthesis routes for the deposition of Pt particles on the BC-MWCNT hybrid membrane surfaces. The BC was immersed either in a solution of Pt precursors (PtCl 4 and H 2 PtCl 6 ) or in surfactant stabilized MWCNT suspension.…”

Performance of Platinum Nanoparticles / Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes / Bacterial Cellulose Composite as Anode Catalyst for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

“…The electrode used was BC coated Pt catalyst and carbon by way of brushing, and Pt catalyst performance has been analyzed with the PEMFC. Meanwhile, Aritonang et al [8] have been coating BC by immersion into a solution of Pt precursors and carbon powder. The results showed that the Pt nanoparticles and carbon trapped in pores and spread evenly on the fibers of BC.…”