Insights into Brown Adipose Tissue Physiology as Revealed by Imaging Studies

Izzi‐Engbeaya, Chioma; Salem, Victoria; Atkar, Rajveer S; Dhillo, Waljit S.

doi:10.4161/21623945.2014.965609

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…The association between BAT and BMI was reported in previous studies. 12 , 20 Patients with a higher BAT content in the supraclavicular depot had a lower BMI. This suggests a positive influence of BAT in the prevention of obesity in patients with DM2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Relationship Between Brown Adipose Tissue Content in Supraclavicular Fat Depots and Insulin Sensitivity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes

Koksharova

Ustyuzhanin

Philippov

et al. 2017

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics

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Background: The evaluation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and its role in metabolism and obesity remains an important topic in the recent literature. This study evaluated the influence of the BAT triglyceride content measured by proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and prediabetes on insulin sensitivity.Methods: A total of 25 patients with DM2 and prediabetes (45.9 ± 10.1 years old, body mass index [BMI] of 31.6 ± 5.4 kg/m2) underwent anthropometric measurements (BMI), insulin sensitivity analysis (M value during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), proton MR spectroscopy, and blood tests (total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides). The relationship between the triglyceride content in the supraclavicular fat depot and insulin sensitivity, anthropometric measurements, and blood test results was assessed.Results: The triglyceride content in the supraclavicular fat depot varied between 79.2% and 97.1% (mean: 92.6% ± 4.2%). The triglyceride content in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue of the neck was significantly higher (85.3%–99.3%; mean: 95.5% ± 2.9%; P = 0.0007). The triglyceride content in the supraclavicular fat depot exhibited a significantly moderate correlation with the BMI (r = 0.64; P = 0.0009). A significant weak negative correlation between the supraclavicular fat content and M value was revealed (r = −0.44; P = 0.002). Patients with high insulin resistance (IR) had a higher triglyceride content in the supraclavicular fat depot than patients with normal and lower IR (94.3% ± 2.0% vs. 90.4% ± 5.2%; P = 0.02).Conclusions: Reducing the BAT content in the supraclavicular fat depot can influence the development of IR in patients with DM2 and prediabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Relationship Between Brown Adipose Tissue Content in Supraclavicular Fat Depots and Insulin Sensitivity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes

Koksharova

Ustyuzhanin

Philippov

et al. 2017

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics

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“… 35 The PET/CT with 18 F-FDG is the most widely used method to image BAT. 36 , 37 Studies show that BAT activity is negatively correlated with body mass index and diabetic parameters and thus is a potential target for monitoring therapy for obesity and diabetes. The BAT demonstrates strong insulin and cold (without insulin) sensitivity with regard to glucose uptake, which suggests BAT performs functions of energy dissipation and thermoregulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Evaluation of Myocardial Fatty Acid and Glucose Metabolism in Fasted and Nonfasted Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Using MicroPET/CT

et al. 2017

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Using longitudinal micro positron emission tomography (microPET)/computed tomography (CT) studies, we quantified changes in myocardial metabolism and perfusion in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), a model of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Fatty acid and glucose metabolism were quantified in the hearts of SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive rats using long-chain fatty acid analog 18F-fluoro-6-thia heptadecanoic acid (18F-FTHA) and glucose analog 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) under normal or fasting conditions. We also used 18F-fluorodihydrorotenol (18F-FDHROL) to investigate perfusion in their hearts without fasting. Rats were imaged at 4 or 5 times over their life cycle. Compartment modeling was used to estimate the rate constants for the radiotracers. Blood samples were obtained and analyzed for glucose and free fatty acid concentrations. SHRs demonstrated no significant difference in 18F-FDHROL wash-in rate constant (P = .1) and distribution volume (P = .1), significantly higher 18F-FDG myocardial influx rate constant (P = 4×10−8), and significantly lower 18F-FTHA myocardial influx rate constant (P = .007) than WKYs during the 2009-2010 study without fasting. SHRs demonstrated a significantly higher 18F-FDHROL wash-in rate constant (P = 5×10−6) and distribution volume (P = 3×10−8), significantly higher 18F-FDG myocardial influx rate constant (P = 3×10−8), and a higher trend of 18F-FTHA myocardial influx rate constant (not significant, P = .1) than WKYs during the 2011–2012 study with fasting. Changes in glucose plasma concentrations were generally negatively correlated with corresponding radiotracer influx rate constant changes. The study indicates a switch from preferred fatty acid metabolism to increased glucose metabolism with hypertrophy. Increased perfusion during the 2011-2012 study may be indicative of increased aerobic metabolism in the SHR model of LVH.

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“…They secrete adipocytokines (adipokines) which allow communication with other organs; such adipokines include, leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, vaspin, resistin, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1), plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐ α . Brown adipose tissue (brown fat cells) is multilocular, with a large cytoplasm and multiple lipid droplets scattered throughout . Mitochondria are abundant and brown fat cells are used to generate heat .…”

Section: Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brown adipose tissue (brown fat cells) is multilocular, with a large cytoplasm and multiple lipid droplets scattered throughout . Mitochondria are abundant and brown fat cells are used to generate heat . Hence, brown adipocytes burn glucose and lipids to maintain thermal homeostasis.…”

Section: Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

The complex immunological and inflammatory network of adipose tissue in obesity

Apostolopoulos

Courten

Stojanovska

et al. 2015

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

164

124

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A number of approaches have been utilized in the prevention, management, and treatment of obesity, including, surgery, medication, diet, exercise, and overall lifestyle changes. Despite these interventions, the prevalence of obesity and the various disorders related to it is growing. In obesity, there is a constant state of chronic low-grade inflammation which is characterized by activation and infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells and a dysregulated production of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This pro-inflammatory milieu contributes to insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other related co-morbidities. The roles of the innate (macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, NK cells, MAIT cells) and the adaptive (CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, regulatory T cells, and B cells) immune responses and the roles of adipokines and cytokines in adipose tissue inflammation and obesity are discussed. An understanding of the crosstalk between the immune system and adipocytes may shed light in better treatment modalities for obesity and obesity-related diseases.

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Insights into Brown Adipose Tissue Physiology as Revealed by Imaging Studies

Cited by 14 publications

References 86 publications

The Relationship Between Brown Adipose Tissue Content in Supraclavicular Fat Depots and Insulin Sensitivity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes

The Relationship Between Brown Adipose Tissue Content in Supraclavicular Fat Depots and Insulin Sensitivity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes

Longitudinal Evaluation of Myocardial Fatty Acid and Glucose Metabolism in Fasted and Nonfasted Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Using MicroPET/CT

The complex immunological and inflammatory network of adipose tissue in obesity

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