Instability of Alloxan-Induced Diabetes and Its Impact on Sex and Thyroid Hormones in Male Wistar Rats-a Pilot Study

Abstract

The relationship between diabetes mellitus and sex and/or thyroid hormones has been well documented in both human and animal studies ditto auto-reversibility of alloxan. However, the correlation between unstable diabetes and these hormones has little or no information in the literature; hence, the focus of this study. Diabetes was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg of freshly prepared alloxan. Twenty five adult male Wistar rats (weight 120-150 g) were used in this study. Alloxan was administered to 20 rats and 5 rats served as control. Alloxan-administered rats were further divided into two groups. One group (diabetic rats) was used as diabetic control and the other group served as reversed diabetic, which contained rats whose fasting blood glucose was confirmed to be normoglycemic post-diabetic. All rats were maintained on normal rat feed and water ad libitum and were monitored for 14 days. Blood glucose was monitored at intervals of 7 days after basal (before diabetes induction) and day 1(diabetes confirmation) values had been noted. Sex hormones: Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and estrogen (E) as well as thyroid hormones: Triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were assayed after 14 days. Alloxan caused alteration in blood glucose levels of both diabetic and reversed diabetic groups. T4 level was lowered significantly in both diabetic (11.32 ± 0.26 μg/ml) and reversed diabetic (11.00 ± 0.16 μg/ml) groups in relation to the control. Other assayed hormones were not different significantly from the control. These findings indicate that influence of diabetes on these hormones may not be dependent on glucose gradation.

Potential of Therapeutic Curculigo latifolia Extracts on Alloxan-induced Diabetes in a Male Mus muscullus

“…Animals tested for hyperglycemia due to injection of alloxan 120 mg/kg BW, namely more than 3/4 of the structure of the cells that make up the pancreas experienced necrosis (Susanti et al, 2019). The islets of Langerhans are narrower, the β-cell population shrinks, the cell nucleus shrinks, and the cytoplasm fades in the structure of the pancreas of hyperglycemic test animals compared to healthy test animals (Osibemhe et al, 2023). In this study, the high pancreatic index in aloxaninduced mice was thought to be because the mice had fatty in the pancreas and pancreatic beta cells experienced hyperthropy and hyperpacia.…”

Administration of alloxan and streptozotocin in Sprague Dawley rats and the challenges in producing diabetes model

“…Animal strains and the administration route of diabetogenic agents play a role in the reproducibility of animal models of diabetes [10,11,13]. Although the method of administration and animal strain varied, several studies report that blood glucose levels return to normal after alloxan administration [24,46]. Auto reversal from diabetes occurred in rats that induced alloxan via marginal ear vein and in rabbits via intravenous injection [24].…”

“…Auto reversal from diabetes occurred in rats that induced alloxan via marginal ear vein and in rabbits via intravenous injection [24]. Instability and auto-reversibility of diabetes were seen in Wistar rats after intraperitoneal administration of alloxan at a dose of 150 mg/kg [46]. The causes of self-recovery have yet to be clearly understood.…”