Insulin Resistance Indexes as Biomarkers of Lifetime Cardiovascular Risk among Adults from Peru

Abstract

Background. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most prevalent cause of death from disease and disability in the world. Reliable markers are needed to assess and reduce cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to determine if insulin resistance indexes, triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), and triglyceride glucose index (TyG) are biomarkers for lifetime cardiovascular risk (CVR). Methods. This analytical cross-sectional study was performed on health personnel from Huaycan Hospital in Peru. The QRISK model was used to measure lifetime CVR. The association and diagnostic accuracy for TyG calculated as Ln (TG (mg/dL) × glucose (mg/dL)/2) and TG/HDL-C ratio were determined using Poisson regression models and ROC curves with Youden index. Results. In total, 291 adults (207 women and 84 men) were analyzed. In the adjusted Poisson models, each unit of TG/HDL-C increased 1.22-fold and 1.16-fold the probability of high lifetime CVR in men and women, respectively. However, each unit of TyG increased 1.98-fold in men and 3.25-fold in women the probability of high lifetime CVR. The optimal cutoff values of TG/HDL-C were 2.64 (AUC: 0.77), 3.90 (AUC: 0.80), and 2.64 (AUC: 0.74) for the overall population, men, and women, respectively. Likewise, the optimal cutoff values of TyG were 9.04 (AUC: 0.80), 8.95 (AUC: 0.79), and 9.04 (AUC: 0.80) for the overall population, men, and women, respectively. Conclusion. TG/HDL-C and TyG presented a significant association with lifetime CVR. However, TyG presented a stronger association than TG/HDL-C. Both TG/HDL-C and TyG are shown to be reliable markers for CVR in adults.

Hepatic-Metabolite-Based Intermittent Fasting Enables a Sustained Reduction in Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

“…The TyG index, calculated based on fasting triglyceride and glucose blood values, correlates highly with insulin resistance. Both markers, the TG:HDL-C and TyG present a significant association with lifetime cardiovascular risks in adults reported by Rojas-Humpire et al [35] and Si et al [36]. The TyG index correlated highly with the epigenetic age acceleration, as data from Arpon et al [37] showed.…”

“…Both markers, the TG:HDL-C and TyG present a significant association with lifetime cardiovascular risks in adults reported by Rojas-Humpire et al. 35 and Si et al. 36 .…”

Recent findings on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of novel food-derived antihypertensive peptides

“…Attenuation of insulin resistance via IP3K/Akt signaling pathway as a mechanism of antihypertensive property: The suppression of blood pressure by the peptides could have resulted from improvement in insulin sensitivity. Insulin resistance and by extension, type-2 diabetes have been shown to positively correlate with hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases ( Rojas-Humpire et al, 2021 ). Interestingly, egg white protein hydrolysates have been demonstrated to reduce blood pressure in SHR models ( Jahandideh, Chakrabarti, Davidge, & Wu, 2017 ) and enhance insulin recognition by its receptor in diet-induced insulin resistance in animal model by activating Akt signaling pathway ( Jahandideh et al, 2019 ).…”

Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a predictor of arterial stiffness, incidence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: A longitudinal two-cohort analysis

“…Triglyceride-glucose index has shown to have a close association with a range of adverse health risk factors such as obesity and hypertriglyceridemia (5)(6)(7), indicating its potential impact on cardiometabolic health. Moreover, the role of TyG index in CVD has been explored in those with diabetes but not widely so in the general population.…”