Intake, milk production and heat stress of dairy cows fed a citrus extract during summer heat

Havlin, J. M.; Robinson, P.H.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.06.022

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Our results showed that the changes in the milk fat and protein were slight, which suggested that TCM could alleviate milk composition changes caused by heat stress. In addition, the somatic cell count of milk is an indicator of clinical mastitis (Havlin and Robinson, 2015). In this experiment, somatic cell count was decreased in the TCM treatment groups, which showed that TCM has positive effects on decreasing the somatic cell count.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines on the Milk Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Status of Dairy Cattle

Yongling¹

2018

PVJ

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To study the effects of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on milk performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity of dairy cattle, twenty healthy lactating Holstein cows were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) and supplemented with 0, 50, 100 and 150 g/d of TCM, respectively. The temperature-humidity index (THI) and milk yield were recorded. The mRNA expression of GSH-Px, CAT, Bcl-2 and p53 genes was detected using RT-PCR. Meanwhile, the apoptosis rate of lymphocytes was determined through flow-cytometry. The results showed that the THI exceeded 72 during all experimental periods. Compared to group A (10.66±0.75 Kg), the milk yields of the cattle in group B, C and D were increased by 20.26 (P<0.05), 24.20 (P<0.05) and 16.98% (P>0.05), respectively. The somatic cell count in three treatment groups was lower than those in group A by 21.68 (P<0.05), 29.88 (P<0.05) and 24.22% (P<0.05), in group B, C and D respectively. The mean expression of GSH-Px and CAT genes were increased in groups B, C and D. The apoptosis rates of lymphocytes in the three treatment groups on the 40 th day were lower than that of the control group by 27.45 (P<0.01), 27.36 (P<0.01) and 24.55% (P<0.01) in group B, C and D, respectively. The mean expression of Bcl-2 gene in groups B, C and D was increased, and the mean expression of p53 gene was decreased in three treatment groups. Thus, it is concluded that TCM can improve milk performance, antioxidant capacity and immune status of dairy cattle under heat stress, which can help dairy cattle to resist heat stress in hot seasons.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines on the Milk Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Status of Dairy Cattle

Yongling¹

2018

PVJ

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“…In addition to diets, several attempts to minimise the effects of heat stress throug supplements have been made. These supplements include citrus extract [ 105 ], niacin [ 56 , 106 ], conjugated linoleic acids [ 107 ], Asparagus officinalis [ 108 ] and yeast cultures [ 109 ], but most of them have inconsistent effects on the responses of animals to heat stress and further research is needed to understand the real extent of their effects [ 104 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of non-productivity-related animal-based indicators of heat stress resilience in dairy cattle

et al. 2018

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IntroductionProjected temperature rise in the upcoming years due to climate change has increased interest in studying the effects of heat stress in dairy cows. Environmental indices are commonly used for detecting heat stress, but have been used mainly in studies focused on the productivity-related effects of heat stress. The welfare approach involves identifying physiological and behavioural measurements so as to start heat stress mitigation protocols before the appearance of impending severe health or production issues. Therefore, there is growing interest in studying the effects of heat stress on welfare. This systematic review seeks to summarise the animal-based responses to heat stress (physiological and behavioural, excluding productivity) that have been used in scientific literature.MethodsUsing systematic review guidelines set by PRISMA, research articles were identified, screened and summarised based on inclusion criteria for physiology and behaviour, excluding productivity, for animal-based resilience indicators. 129 published articles were reviewed to determine which animal-based indicators for heat stress were most frequently used in dairy cows.ResultsThe articles considered report at least 212 different animal-based indicators that can be aggregated into body temperature, feeding, physiological response, resting, drinking, grazing and pasture-related behaviour, reactions to heat management and others. The most common physiological animal-based indicators are rectal temperature, respiration rate and dry matter intake, while the most common behavioural indicators are time spent lying, standing and feeding.ConclusionAlthough body temperature and respiration rate are the animal-based indicators most frequently used to assess heat stress in dairy cattle, when choosing an animal-based indicator for detecting heat stress using scientific literature to establish thresholds, characteristics that influence the scale of the response and the definition of heat stress must be taken into account, e.g. breed, lactation stage, milk yield, system type, climate region, bedding type, diet and cooling management strategies.

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“…discussed previously, a greater DMI was expected in the present trial. Havlin and Robinson (2015), with another citrus by-product, found that milk production did not change in dairy cows fed a citrus extract. Lemon leaves had no effect on milk fat.…”

Section: Milk Production Metabolites and Famentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of lemon leaves on energy and C–N balances, methane emission, and milk performance in Murciano-Granadina dairy goats

Fernández

Martí

Pérez-Baena

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this experiment was to find out the effect of lemon leaves on energy and C-N balances, methane emission, and milk performance in dairy goats. Lemon leaves were used to replace alfalfa as forage in a diet for Murciano-Granadina goats. Ten Murciano-Granadina dairy goats (44.1 ± 4.47 kg of BW) in late lactation (185 ± 7.2 d) were selected in a crossover design experiment, where each goat received 2 treatments in 2 periods. One group was fed a mixed ration with 450 g of pelleted alfalfa per kilogram of DM (ALF diet) and, the other group replaced alfalfa with 450 g of pelleted lemon leaves per kilogram DM (LEM diet). The concentrate was pelleted, being the same for the two groups (forage to concentrate ratio was 45/55). The goats were allocated to individual metabolism cages. After 14 d of adaptation, feed intake, total fecal and urine output, and milk yield were recorded daily over a 5-d period. Then, gas exchange measurements were recorded individually by an open-circuit indirect calorimetry system using a head box. Higher dietary lipids in LEM diet reduced DMI (200 g/d) and energy intake (251 kJ/kg of BW0.75), although no differences between treatments were observed for ME intake (998 kJ/kg of BW0.75, on average) and oxidation of nutrients (64% and 25% for carbohydrates and fat oxidation, respectively, on heat production from oxidation basis). Greater (P < 0.05) milk fat values for C18:2n6t and CLA 9c11t + 9t11c were found in LEM compared with ALF diet. Goats fed LEM diet produced significantly fewer CH4 emissions than ALF diet (18%). Likewise, the use of lemon leaves as forage reduced the amount of CH4 in 2.7 g/kg of milk. Results suggest that lemon leaves are effective in reducing CH4 emission without detrimental effect on milk yield.

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Intake, milk production and heat stress of dairy cows fed a citrus extract during summer heat

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines on the Milk Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Status of Dairy Cattle

Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines on the Milk Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Status of Dairy Cattle

A systematic review of non-productivity-related animal-based indicators of heat stress resilience in dairy cattle

Effect of lemon leaves on energy and C–N balances, methane emission, and milk performance in Murciano-Granadina dairy goats

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