SummaryThe early diagnosis and excision of cutaneous melanoma is essential for an improved prognosis of the disease. Besides the investigation of pigmented lesions with the unaided eye and conventional dermatoscopy, long-term sequential digital dermatoscopy has been shown to improve the sensitivity of melanoma detection, especially in highrisk patients. In addition to the static clinical and dermatoscopic assessment, the sequential digital dermatoscopy strategy helps to detect changes over time. This review summarizes the latest developments in the field of sequential digital dermatoscopy, describes current strategies for the selection of patients and lesions to monitor, and suggests objective criteria that should lead to an excisional biopsy.
Sophie Luise Kraus , Holger Andreas HaenssleUniversity Medical Center Göttingen , Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology , Göttingen , Germany
Early detection of cutaneous melanoma by sequential digital dermatoscopyThe prognosis of cutaneous melanoma, an aggressive and potentially life-shortening melanocytic tumor, primarily depends on early recognition and prompt excision of the tumor. A smaller tumor thickness (Breslow depth) at excision is associated with a better prognosis [ 1 ] . Two meta-analyses have demonstrated that dermatoscopy (synonym: epiluminescence microscopy) can signifi cantly improve the sensitivity for recognition of cutaneous melanomas in comparison to examination with the naked eye [ 2,3 ] . Melanoma-associated dermatoscopic features were fi rst described in the pattern analysis [ 4 ] , later expanded by additional criteria and summarized in numerous diagnostic algorithms (e.g. 7-point checklist) [ 5,6 ] .Occasionally cutaneous melanoma can lack characteristic features, especially in very early or very advanced stages [ 7 ] , so that the diagnosis is made more diffi cult and additional information appears desirable for assessment. Sequential digital dermatoscopy (SDD) by imaging in defi ned time intervals provides information on the dynamic changes of pigmented lesions. Certain morphologic alterations, such as asymmetric growth, already point to the presence of an initial cutaneous melanoma, even though further melanoma-typical dermatoscopic or clinical criteria are not yet fulfi lled [8][9][10] .It is sensible to differentiate between two strategies of sequential digital dermatoscopy. Short-term follow-up involves one-time control of an individual lesion with higher-grade atypia after maximally three months; an excision should be performed in the event of any dynamic alterations [ 11,12 ] . Long-term follow-up serves to optimize monitoring of patients at risk [13][14][15] . Here longer examinations intervals of up to 12 months are employed and a larger number of atypical nevi are included in the observation. Optimally, sequential digital dermatoscopy of patients at high risk is supplemented by total body photography, that means overview images of all body regions, to detect newly developed pigmented lesion [ 9,16 ] .Risk factors for th...