Interactions of crop density of field beans, abundance of Aphis fabae Scop., virus incidence and aphid control by chemicals

Way, M. J.; Heathcote, G. D.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1966.tb03834.x

Cited by 57 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, most of the experimental results examining the effect of plant density contradict the resource concentration hypothesis if the size of the experimental plots is kept constant. The density of herbivores per plant decreased with increasing density of host plants in most cases (Luginbill and McNeal 1958;Pimentel 1961;Way and Heathcote 1966;A'Brook 1968;Farrell 1976;Solomon 1981;Latheef and Ortiz 1983;Root and Kareiva 1984;Power 1987; Segarra-Carmona and Barbosa 1990; Thompson and Quisenberry 1995;Yamamura 1999). Only a few experiments supported the resource concentration hypothesis (Ralph 1977;Turchin 1988) and several experiments did not detect consistent results (Mayse 1978;Bach 1980;Boiteau 1984;Power 1989;Coll and Bottrell 1994).…”

Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Biodiversity and stability of herbivore populations: influences of the spatial sparseness of food plants

Yamamura

2002

Population Ecology

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Returning to the classical diversity-stability problem about population densities, we propose a hypothesis that the spatial sparseness of food plants of herbivores, which is frequently observed in diversified communities such as those in the tropics, may be a potential source of the low variability in herbivore densities. The hypothesis consists of the following components: (1) sparseness of food plants of several herbivores increases with increasing number of plant species in a given amount of area, (2) spatial sparseness of food plants reduces the dispersal rate of herbivores between food plants, (3) such a decrease in dispersal rate causes a larger spatial variance in the consumption rate of food plants, (4) such a large spatial variance in the consumption rate of food plants reduces the temporal variance in the amount of food plants, and (5) the reduced temporal variance in the amount of food plants yields a smaller variance in the temporal dynamics of herbivores. A simple mathematical model was constructed to show a theoretical basis of the fourth component of the hypothesis. To exemplify the second, third, and fourth components of the hypothesis in fields, we conducted field experiments on the interaction between butterfly larvae and cabbages, in which cabbage seedlings were planted by two levels of sparseness: 1 m apart and 0.2 m apart. The spatial variance in the amount of leaf dry weight that escaped from larval feeding was larger in sparsely planted fields, which was in accordance with the third component of the hypothesis. The variability in the mean amount of leaf dry weight was smaller in sparsely planted fields, which was in accordance with the fourth component of the hypothesis.

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Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Biodiversity and stability of herbivore populations: influences of the spatial sparseness of food plants

Yamamura

2002

Population Ecology

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“…Root (1973) proposed the 'resource concentration hypothesis' whereby 'many herbivores, especially those with a narrow host range, are more likely to find hosts that are concentrated (i.e., occur in dense or nearly pure stands).' Although this hypothesis predicts that the density of herbivores per host plant increases with increasing plant density, most of the experimental results in the literature contradict this prediction; the number of herbivores per plant is smaller in densely planted fields in most cases (Luginbill and McNeal 1958;Pimentel 1961;Way and Heathcote 1966;A'Brook 1968;Farrell 1976;Solomon 1981;Latheef and Ortiz 1983;Root and Kareiva 1984;Power 1987;Segarra-Carmona and Barbosa 1990; Thompson and Quisenberry 1995). Only a few experiments supported the resource concentration hypothesis (Ralph 1977;Turchin 1988) and several experiments did not detect consistent results (Mayse 1978;Bach 1980;Boiteau 1984;Power 1989;Coll and Bottrell 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Relation between plant density and arthropod density in cabbage fields

Yamamura

1999

Population Ecology

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The relationship between plant density and the abundance of arthropods was examined by planting cabbages in four densities (0.25, 1, 4, or 8 plants per square meter). Four herbivorous species were examined: the small white butterfly Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval, the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), the beet semi-looper Autographa nigrisigna (Walker), and the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer). The number of spiders and the number of eggs of syrphid flies were also examined. The number of individuals per unit ground area increased curvilinearly with increasing plant density for most arthropods. To clarify the mechanism causing such a curvilinear increase, the oviposition behavior of Pieris rapae crucivora was examined. The oviposition process of a female was divided into three components: (1) entering the field, (2) alighting on a plant to bend her abdomen, and (3) attaching an egg on the leaf. The first and the second components curvilinearly increased with increasing plant density, while the third component was not influenced by the plant density. The analysis of the flight path of P. rapae crucivora indicated that the curvilinear increase in the frequency of abdominal bending behaviors occurs since a female flies at least about 1.3 m between successive abdominal bending behaviors, irrespective of the plant density, when the plant density is sufficiently high.

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“…Cool, wet weather tends to increase LAI (Dantuma & Thompson, 1982;Fasheun & Dennett, 1982). With these observations in mind, it is interesting to examine the comprehensive data of Way & Heathcote (1966) on the responses oi A. fabae populations to crops of field beans planted at different densities. Of the three seasons studied, 1958 was exceptionally cool and wet, while 1959 was exceptionally hot and dry.…”

Section: Comparisons With Field Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE EFFECT OF LIGHT ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN APHIS FABAE SCOP. AND ITS HOST PLANT, VICIA FABA L.

Garsed¹,

Galley²,

Mueller³

1987

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYPlants of Viciafaba were grown in pots at photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) of 143, 315 or 906 fimo\ m'^ s~^ for 8, 13 or 18 d. The effects of the dry matter loss caused by the feeding of Aphis fabae, or by removal of the cotyledons, were measured. Differences in dry weight between infested and control plants were positively correlated with the dry matter ingested, and increased with PPFD and time. Dry weights of aphid colonies increased non-linearly, but the honeydew produced per unit weight of aphid linearly, with PPFD. Aphid production/ consumption (P/C) ratios had a significant inverse linear relationship to log PPFD (r = 0-98). Net assimilation rates (NAR) calculated from the dry weights of the infested plants alone were significantly lower than in controls, but when calculated with the ingested dry matter added to the plant weight were little different from controls. No stimulations of NAR were found. Dry weights of all plant components, leaf area and specific leaf area were reduced by low light, removal of the cotyledons and by infestation. The last increased leaf area ratio (LAR) at the two later harvests but, otherwise, the treatments had only minor effects on the partitioning of dry matter in the plants.

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Interactions of crop density of field beans, abundance of Aphis fabae Scop., virus incidence and aphid control by chemicals

Cited by 57 publications

References 13 publications

Biodiversity and stability of herbivore populations: influences of the spatial sparseness of food plants

Biodiversity and stability of herbivore populations: influences of the spatial sparseness of food plants

Relation between plant density and arthropod density in cabbage fields

THE EFFECT OF LIGHT ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN APHIS FABAE SCOP. AND ITS HOST PLANT, VICIA FABA L.

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