Interactive Skin Display with Epidermal Stimuli Electrode

Kim, Eui Hyuk; Han, Hyowon; Yu, Seunggun; Park, Chanho; Kim, Gwangmook; Jeong, Beomjin; Lee, Seungwon; Kim, Jong Sung; Lee, Seokyeong; Kim, Joohee; Park, Jang Ung; Shim, Wooyoung; Park, Cheolmin

doi:10.1002/advs.201802351

Cited by 80 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Recent advances in the fabrication of stretchable and transparent electrodes (STEs) [ 1,2 ] have led to the development of novel optoelectronic devices such as deformable touch screens, [ 3–7 ] electronic skins, [ 8–11 ] photovoltaics, [ 12–14 ] and foldable and stretchable displays. [ 15–21 ] For the successful design of such electronic systems, highly conductive and transparent electrodes are essential, and these electrodes should retain their optoelectrical properties under strain‐induced deformation. Among several materials for STEs, [ 18,22–26 ] silver (Ag) nanowire (NW) is the most widely used for flexible transparent electrodes, due to its excellent optical and electrical properties; [ 27,28 ] thus, it is also recognized as a promising material in STEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buckling Instability Control of 1D Nanowire Networks for a Large‐Area Stretchable and Transparent Electrode

Kim

Kwon

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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A commonly used strategy to impose deformability on conductive materials is the prestrain method, in which conductive materials are placed on prestretched elastic substrates and relaxed to create wavy or wrinkled structures. However, 1D metallic nanowire (NW) networks typically result in out-of-plane buckling defects and NW fractures, due to their rigid and brittle nature and nonuniform load transfer to specific points of NW. To resolve these problems, an alternative method is proposed to control the elastic modulus of 1D NW networks through contact with various solvents during compressive strain. Through solvent contact, the interface interactions between the NWs and between the NW and substrate can be controlled, and it is shown that the surface instability of the 1D random network is formed differently from a uniform bilayer film, which also can vary with the modulus of the network. For modulus values lower than the critical point, slippage and rearrangement of NW strands mainly occur and individual strands in the network show an in-plane wavy configuration, which is ideal for structural stretchability. Based on the solvent-assisted prestrain method, letter-sized, large-area stretchable, and transparent electrodes with high transparency and conductivity are achieved, and stretchable and transparent alternating current electroluminescent devices for stretchable display applications are also realized.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201910214.novel optoelectronic devices such as deformable touch screens, [3][4][5][6][7] electronic skins, [8][9][10][11] photovoltaics, [12][13][14] and foldable and stretchable displays. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] For the successful design of such electronic systems, highly conductive and transparent electrodes are essential, and these electrodes should retain their optoelectrical properties under strain-induced deformation. Among several materials for STEs, [18,[22][23][24][25][26] silver (Ag) nanowire (NW) is the most widely used for flexible transparent electrodes, due to its excellent optical and electrical properties; [27,28] thus, it is also recognized as a promising material in STEs. Although practical optoelectronic applications require large-scale STEs, research on the scalable manufacturing process of STEs is rarely reported. Large-scale Ag NW-based electrodes are manufactured using a variety of scalable manufacturing processes, such as roll-toroll slot-die coating, [29,30] bar casting, [31,32] and spray coating; [33] however, most of the conventional large transparent electrodes (%T ≈ 90%) exhibit flexibility with polymeric substrates and no stretchability. This is because the yield strain of individual Ag NWs is only ≈1.5% in the stretching direction. [34] Structure-assisted stretchability, [35] a process that provides brittle materials with stretchability, can be an ideal approach to accommodate large applied strains without fracturing the materials. Many studies of stretchable electr...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buckling Instability Control of 1D Nanowire Networks for a Large‐Area Stretchable and Transparent Electrode

Kim

Kwon

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Deformable microelectronics is one of the most rapidly growing research fields owing to the tremendous demand for the development of highly integrated human-interactive wearable and patchable electronic and photonic skins. [1][2][3] A deformable microelectronic system consisting of numerous photoelectronic components requires high-resolution and high-conductance interconnectors with excellent mechanical resilience to be directly micropatterned onto a microcircuitry board. Existing interconnectors based on conventional metals are impractical for such applications based on their intrinsic fragility under deformation.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adma202002178mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Surface Reconciliation of a Liquid‐Metal Conductor Micropatterned on a Deformable Hydrogel

et al. 2020

Self Cite

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Spreading liquid droplets on solid surfaces is a core topic in physical chemistry with significant technological implications. Liquid metals, which are eutectic alloys of constituent metal atoms with low melting temperatures, are practically useful, but difficult to spread on solid surfaces because of their high surface tension. This makes it difficult to use liquid metals as deformable on‐board microcircuitry electrodes, despite their intrinsic deformability. In this study, it is discovered that eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) can be spread onto the surface of chemically cross‐linked hydrogels consisting of aliphatic alkyl chains with numerous hydroxyl groups (OH), thus facilitating the development of directly micropatterned EGaIn electrodes. More importantly, EGaIn patterned on a hydrogel autonomously reconciliates its surface to form a firm hydrogel interface upon mechanical deformation of the hydrogel. This autonomous surface reconciliation of EGaIn on hydrogels allows researchers to reap the benefits of chemically modified hydrogels, such as reversible stretching, self‐healing, and water‐swelling capability, thereby facilitating the fabrication of superstretchable, self‐healable, and water‐swellable liquid‐metal electrodes with very high conductance tolerance upon deformation. Such electrodes are suitable for a variety of deformable microelectronic applications.

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“…It was based on a two-layer structure with light-emitting inorganic phosphors in a structure with gaps in the two electrodes. The interactive skin display with an epidermal stimuli electrode visualized the motion sensing of the tactile sensor while stimulation was applied by external forces [129]. Our group provided a platform for wireless pressure sensing with a built-in battery and instant visualization.…”

Section: Human-machine Interface (Hmi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion Detection Using Tactile Sensors Based on Pressure-Sensitive Transistor Arrays

Jang

Jun

Seo

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In recent years, to develop more spontaneous and instant interfaces between a system and users, technology has evolved toward designing efficient and simple gesture recognition (GR) techniques. As a tool for acquiring human motion, a tactile sensor system, which converts the human touch signal into a single datum and executes a command by translating a bundle of data into a text language or triggering a preset sequence as a haptic motion, has been developed. The tactile sensor aims to collect comprehensive data on various motions, from the touch of a fingertip to large body movements. The sensor devices have different characteristics that are important for target applications. Furthermore, devices can be fabricated using various principles, and include piezoelectric, capacitive, piezoresistive, and field-effect transistor types, depending on the parameters to be achieved. Here, we introduce tactile sensors consisting of field-effect transistors (FETs). GR requires a process involving the acquisition of a large amount of data in an array rather than a single sensor, suggesting the importance of fabricating a tactile sensor as an array. In this case, an FET-type pressure sensor can exploit the advantages of active-matrix sensor arrays that allow high-array uniformity, high spatial contrast, and facile integration with electrical circuitry. We envision that tactile sensors based on FETs will be beneficial for GR as well as future applications, and these sensors will provide substantial opportunities for next-generation motion sensing systems.

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Interactive Skin Display with Epidermal Stimuli Electrode

Cited by 80 publications

References 41 publications

Buckling Instability Control of 1D Nanowire Networks for a Large‐Area Stretchable and Transparent Electrode

Buckling Instability Control of 1D Nanowire Networks for a Large‐Area Stretchable and Transparent Electrode

Autonomous Surface Reconciliation of a Liquid‐Metal Conductor Micropatterned on a Deformable Hydrogel

Motion Detection Using Tactile Sensors Based on Pressure-Sensitive Transistor Arrays

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