Interfaces in Driven Ising Models: Shear Enhances Confinement

Smith, Thomas H. R.; Vasilyev, Oleg A.; Abraham, D. B.; Maciołek, Anna; Schmidt, Matthias

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.101.067203

Cited by 23 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The existence of such anisotropic fluctuations has previously been observed and discussed for critical systems [23][24][25], but never observed to our knowledge in the framework of standard hydrodynamics.…”

Section: Fig 3 Rms Roughnessmentioning

confidence: 98%

Anisotropic Superattenuation of Capillary Waves on Driven Glass Interfaces

et al. 2017

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Metrological AFM measurements are performed on the silica glass interfaces of photonic band-gap fibres and hollow capillaries. The freezing of attenuated out-of-equilibrium capillary waves during the drawing process is shown to result in a reduced surface roughness. The roughness attenuation with respect to the expected thermodynamical limit is determined to vary with the drawing stress following a power law. A striking anisotropic character of the height correlation is observed: glass surfaces thus retain a structural record of the direction of the flow to which the liquid was submitted.What governs the structure of a glass surface? To very good approximation, the bulk structure of a vitreous material resembles a snapshot of the liquid before glass transition [1]. Similarly, the surface of a glass corresponds to the frozen liquid interface [2], and can reveal frozen surface modes of this interface. Over a wide range of length scales, from the nanometer up to the millimeter range, the sub-nanometer roughness of a fire-polished glass surface results from the superposition of frozen thermal equilibrium capillary waves of the liquid [3].At equilibrium, capillary fluctuations of liquid interfaces originate from the interplay between thermal noise (k B T ) and interface tension (γ), and result in a superposition of capillary waves. Height fluctuations scale as:which equals 0.3-0.4 nm for most simple liquids. Liquid interfaces are thus extremely smooth. Thermal interface fluctuations correspond to a lower bound of the interface width imposed by equilibrium thermodynamics. In this context, the application of any external field is usually expected to enhance the level of fluctuations. In the presence of a flow, amplification of capillary fluctuations typically gives rise to hydrodynamic instabilities [4]. However recent results suggest that shear flow may in fact induce a non-linear attenuation of capillary waves [5][6][7].Here we present an accurate experimental characterization of such an attenuation of capillary fluctuations on glass surfaces. In particular, we show that a glass surface retains a structural record of the direction of the flow to which the liquid was submitted. Performing high precision Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) roughness measurements on the inner glass interfaces of photonic band-gap fibres and hollow capillaries produced by fibre drawing, we show that driven glass interfaces re-FIG. 1. Sketch of the drawing of Hollow Core Photonic Band Gap Fibres (PBGF).The two AFM measurements represent the surface topography of the inner surfaces of a PBGF before (preform) and after (fibre) the hot drawing region (in orange). While isotropic before drawing, the sub-nanometer roughness exhibits clear elongated patterns along the fibre axis after drawing. The color bar represents a height range of 1.6 nm.sult from the freezing of attenuated capillary waves. The roughness is strongly anisotropic with an overall amplitude that presents a non-linear attenuation with respect to the expected equilibrium thermodynamic...

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Section: Fig 3 Rms Roughnessmentioning

confidence: 98%

Anisotropic Superattenuation of Capillary Waves on Driven Glass Interfaces

et al. 2017

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“…Observation of deviations from the Weidemann-Franz law (which gives a universal value for the ratio of the thermal and charge conductivities in a Fermi liquid metal) is a potential signature of spincharge separation. However, both theoretically and experimentally finding such deviations has proven to have a convoluted and confusing history (Smith and McKenzie, 2008;Smith et al, 2005). A careful study of the Weidemann-Franz law in the organic charge transfer salts could, however, provide significant new insights into the question of spin-charge separation in these materials.…”

Section: A Some Open Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum frustration in organic Mott insulators: from spin liquids to unconventional superconductors

2011

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We review the interplay of frustration and strong electronic correlations in quasi-two-dimensional organic charge transfer salts, such as (BEDT-TTF) 2 X and EtnMe 4−n P n[Pd(dmit) 2 ] 2 . These two forces drive a range of exotic phases including spin liquids, valence bond crystals, pseudogapped metals, and unconventional superconductivity. Of particular interest is that in several materials with increasing pressure there is a first-order transition from a spin liquid Mott insulating state to a superconducting state. Experiments on these materials raise a number of profound questions about the quantum behaviour of frustrated systems, particularly the intimate connection between spin liquids and superconductivity. Insights into these questions have come from a wide range of theoretical techniques including first principles electronic structure, quantum many-body theory and quantum field theory. In this review we introduce some of the basic ideas of the field by discussing a simple frustrated Heisenberg model with four spins. We then describe the key experimental results, emphasizing that for two materials, κ-(BEDT-TTF) 2 Cu 2 -(CN) 3 and EtMe 3 Sb[Pd(dmit) 2 ] 2 , there is strong evidence for a spin liquid ground state, and for another, EtMe 3 P[Pd(dmit) 2 ] 2 , there is evidence of a valence bond crystal ground state. We review theoretical attempts to explain these phenomena, arguing that they can be captured by a Hubbard model on the anisotropic triangular lattice at half filling, and that Resonating Valence Bond (RVB) wavefunctions capture most of the essential physics. We review evidence that this Hubbard model can have a spin liquid ground state for a range of parameters that are realistic for the relevant materials. In particular, spatial anisotropy and ring exchange are key to destabilising magnetic order. We conclude by summarising the progress made thus far and identifying some of the key questions still to be answered. (S,S13,S24)= J J' J J J 1 2 3 4

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“…Due to the short half-life of 11 Li, a mass measurement in a Penning trap is also extremely challenging. It was also carried out at TITAN, using a measurement cycle of 50 Hz, allowing a mass measurement precision of δm = 690 eV [39]. It improved the uncertainty δm(AME2003) = 19 keV of the AME 2003 [127] by almost a factor 30.…”

Section: Lithiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Li is now the shortest-lived isotope for which a mass measurement in a Penning trap was performed, with almost an order of magnitude shorter half-life than the previous record, set by ISOLTRAP for 74 Rb [136]. Measurements of the lighter lithium isotopes were also carried out in order to extract the two-neutron separation energies along the lithium chain and to verify the masses used for the mass-shift calculations required to determine their charge radii [39,124,137].…”

Section: Lithiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision atomic physics techniques for nuclear physics with radioactive beams

Blaum¹,

Dilling²,

2013

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Atomic physics techniques for the determination of ground-state properties of radioactive isotopes are very sensitive and provide accurate masses, binding energies, Q-values, charge radii, spins, and electromagnetic moments. Many fields in nuclear physics benefit from these highly accurate numbers. They give insight into details of the nuclear structure for a better understanding of the underlying effective interactions, provide important input for studies of fundamental symmetries in physics, and help to understand the nucleosynthesis processes that are responsible for the observed chemical abundances in the Universe. Penning-trap and and storage-ring mass spectrometry as well as laser spectroscopy of radioactive nuclei have now been used for a long time but significant progress has been achieved in these fields within the last decade. The basic principles of laser spectroscopic investigations, Penning-trap and storage-ring mass measurements of short-lived nuclei are summarized and selected physics results are discussed. † going to cryogenic temperatures, or enhancing the induced signal by using higher charge states and/or longer accumulation times. Ideal applications for this method are mass measurements of super-heavy element (SHE) isotopes for nuclear structure studies as they are performed at SHIPTRAP [25,26]. SHE are produced in minuscule quantities, and typically have half-lives of hundreds of milliseconds to a few seconds. A proof-ofprinciple experiment is planned at the TRIGA reactor facility TRIGA-TRAP at Mainz University [27] and applications for HITRAP with highly charged ions are foreseen [28]. Requirements for Mass Measurements of Radioactive IonsThe specific requirements for the mass measurements of radioactive ions stem from the parameters of the ions themselves. For example the required sensitivity (depending on the production yield) and measurement speed (depending on the half-life) as well as the envisaged application which dictates the required precision. In order to be meaningful, all measurements should deliver reliable data, hence precise and accurate. The physics requirements can be categorized with the corresponding relative precision as follows:• nuclear structure, δm/m ≈ 1 × 10 −7• nuclear astrophysics, δm/m ≈ 1 × 10 −7/−8 • test of fundamental symmetries, neutrino physics, δm/m ≈ 1 × 10 −8/−9

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Interfaces in Driven Ising Models: Shear Enhances Confinement

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Anisotropic Superattenuation of Capillary Waves on Driven Glass Interfaces

Anisotropic Superattenuation of Capillary Waves on Driven Glass Interfaces

Quantum frustration in organic Mott insulators: from spin liquids to unconventional superconductors

Precision atomic physics techniques for nuclear physics with radioactive beams

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