Interferometric study of concentration profiles in solutions near membrane surfaces

Forgacs, C.; Leibovitz, J.; O’Brien, R. N.; Spiegler, K. S.

doi:10.1016/0013-4686(75)80006-5

Cited by 31 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Generation of H + and OH − ions at the surface of IEMs was first noted by Kressman and Tye [ 25 ] and at the surface of bipolar membranes by Frilette [ 26 ]. The generation of H + and OH − ions occurs when the electrolyte concentration near the membrane surface reaches values of 10 −3 –10 −4 mM, and not, as expected, when the concentration of electrolyte reaches zero [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. This was revealed by chronopotentiometric measurements [ 29 ] and investigations by means of interferometry [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Membrane Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 75%

Electrodialytic Processes: Market Overview, Membrane Phenomena, Recent Developments and Sustainable Strategies

Bazinet

Geoffroy

2020

Membranes

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In the context of preserving and improving human health, electrodialytic processes are very promising perspectives. Indeed, they allow the treatment of water, preservation of food products, production of bioactive compounds, extraction of organic acids, and recovery of energy from natural and wastewaters without major environmental impact. Hence, the aim of the present review is to give a global portrait of the most recent developments in electrodialytic membrane phenomena and their uses in sustainable strategies. It has appeared that new knowledge on pulsed electric fields, electroconvective vortices, overlimiting conditions and reversal modes as well as recent demonstrations of their applications are currently boosting the interest for electrodialytic processes. However, the hurdles are still high when dealing with scale-ups and real-life conditions. Furthermore, looking at the recent research trends, potable water and wastewater treatment as well as the production of value-added bioactive products in a circular economy will probably be the main applications to be developed and improved. All these processes, taking into account their principles and specificities, can be used for specific eco-efficient applications. However, to prove the sustainability of such process strategies, more life cycle assessments will be necessary to convince people of the merits of coupling these technologies.

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Section: Membrane Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 75%

Electrodialytic Processes: Market Overview, Membrane Phenomena, Recent Developments and Sustainable Strategies

Bazinet

Geoffroy

2020

Membranes

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“…At low current density, the membrane shows a linear current–voltage behavior following Ohm's law called as the ohmic region. This region is followed by a current plateau called as the limiting current region where the electrolyte concentration near diluate side of the membrane surface becomes close to zero (10 −3 –10 −4 mM) due to development of concentration polarization 38 . Therefore, there is not sufficient electrolyte to transfer current through the membrane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionomer‐coated filtration membranes as an alternative to ion‐exchange membranes for demineralization by electrodialysis

Kadel

Deboli

Perreault

et al. 2021

Journal of Polymer Science

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Industrial application of ion‐exchange membranes, the key component of many electro‐membrane processes, is often hindered due to their high cost—result of complex fabrication methods and use of highly engineered precursors. As an alternative to conventional anion‐exchange membrane (AMX), this study focuses on the fabrication of cation‐coated filtration membranes (CCFM‐Type 1 and CCFM‐Type 2) by depositing a thin layer of crosslinked branched polyethyleneimine (PEI)‐based ionomer on top of the porous substrate. The use of commodity precursors (PEI) in combination with energy efficient fabrication processes ensures a low end‐cost for CCFMs. The properties and the performances of these membranes are evaluated and compared with AMX. Though ionic conductance of both CCFMs is found to be lower than AMX, similar electrochemical behavior is observed for all three membranes. In terms of performance, the highest NaCl demineralization rate is given by CCFM‐Type 2, while whey demineralization rate for all three membranes is similar. Energy consumption during both processes is increased for CCFMs probably due to noticeably higher global resistance which the ED system reaches during the process. These promising results suggest the possible application of these cost‐effective CCFMs in electrodialysis demineralization processes as an alternative to commercial AMX at an industrial level.

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“…Quantitative reduction of experimental interferograms to concentration profiles requires extensive computations to account for light-ray curvature effects. Correction procedures of varying degrees of complexity have been developed (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49). In general, larger interfacial refractive-index gradients result in greater light-ray deflection, which in turn requires more c o m p l e x computational procedures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferometric Observation of Turbulent Mass Transfer in Channel Flow

McLarnon

Müller

Tobias

1985

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A traveling, dual‐beam laser interferometer has been used to investigate mass‐transfer boundary layers on planar electrodes in turbulent channel flow. The effect of secondary flows induced near the electrode/electrolyte interface by small flow obstacles in laminar bulk flow is compared to the effect of turbulent bulk flow produced by high electrolyte flow rates in an obstacle‐free flow channel. It is shown that mass‐transfer enhancement can be attained more efficiently by the use of small flow obstacles than by the use of high flow velocities.

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Interferometric study of concentration profiles in solutions near membrane surfaces

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

Electrodialytic Processes: Market Overview, Membrane Phenomena, Recent Developments and Sustainable Strategies

Electrodialytic Processes: Market Overview, Membrane Phenomena, Recent Developments and Sustainable Strategies

Ionomer‐coated filtration membranes as an alternative to ion‐exchange membranes for demineralization by electrodialysis

Interferometric Observation of Turbulent Mass Transfer in Channel Flow

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