Internet of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles—A Multilayer Low-Altitude Airspace Model for Distributed UAV Traffic Management

Labib, Nader Samir; Danoy, Grégoire; Musiał, Jędrzej; Brust, Matthias R.; Bouvry, Pascal

doi:10.3390/s19214779

Cited by 57 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…UAVs offer a pragmatic solution to overcome possible connectivity limitations caused by solely relying on fixed terrestrial IoT infrastructure as well as bring new means of delivering value-added services through a wide range of IoTenabled applications. Figure 4 (right-hand side) as adopted from [5], uses the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission's (IEC) generic architecture of Internet of Things first proposed in ISO/IEC 30141 [19] to illustrate some of the application scenarios, of UAVs within IoT, that will be later explored in detail.…”

Section: A the Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The economic impacts of IoT are therefore beyond doubt, nevertheless, apart from the buzz-term and the idea of interconnected things, IoT is a complex technological paradigm [5]. IoT can be seen as a system of systems as it is not a single technology, but rather an composition of various technologies working together in tandem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the recent years the rapid development in communication technologies as well as the miniaturisation of sensors and actuators, encouraged the integration of new connected devices and platforms to the ubiquitous IoT network [5]. One promising set of devices and platforms that have quickly found their way into IoT, as connected things, are Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Rise of Drones in Internet of Things: A Survey on the Evolution, Prospects and Challenges of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

et al. 2021

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The recent years have seen a rise in the incorporation and integration of new smart connected devices and platforms such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to the ubiquitous network of Internet of Things (IoT). UAVs not only offer new means of delivering value-added IoT services through a wide range of applications ranging from monitoring and surveillance to on-demand last-mile delivery and people transport, but they also promise a pragmatic solution to the limitations of fixed terrestrial IoT infrastructure. Owning to their potential, UAVs are expected to soon be an integral part of our cities, dominating the shared low-altitude airspace. This introduces new research challenges in privacy, security and most notably in the safe management of UAVs operation under high traffic demands. To this end, this work presents a holistic study on the current state-of-the-art of UAVs and low-altitude airspace traffic management. This work additionally explores the technical standardisation landscape and highlights synergies between scientific research and standardisation efforts towards enabling safe UAV operations while taking into consideration additional IoT inherent challenges such as security, data protection and privacy.INDEX TERMS Internet of Things; traffic management; autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles; lowaltitude airspace; security; privacy; technical standardisation

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Section: A the Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Rise of Drones in Internet of Things: A Survey on the Evolution, Prospects and Challenges of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

et al. 2021

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“…The best way to prevent this situation is to separate aircraft into different layers in accordance with their current heading, creating a more homogeneous traffic situation in each layer. Similar concepts were employed in [29][30][31][32]; results showed that a vertical segmentation of airspace, by separating traffic with different travel directions into different flight levels, resulted in a lower rate of conflicts, and thus enabled higher capacity. Two factors contributed to this reduction in the conflict rate.…”

Section: Heading-altitude Rulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Velocity Obstacle Based Conflict Avoidance in Urban Environment with Variable Speed Limit

Ribeiro

Ellerbroek

2021

Aerospace

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Current investigations into urban aerial mobility, as well as the continuing growth of global air transportation, have renewed interest in conflict detection and resolution (CD&R) methods. The use of drones for applications such as package delivery, would result in traffic densities that are orders of magnitude higher than those currently observed in manned aviation. Such densities do not only make automated conflict detection and resolution a necessity, but will also force a re-evaluation of aspects such as coordination vs. priority, or state vs. intent. This paper looks into enabling a safe introduction of drones into urban airspace by setting travelling rules in the operating airspace which benefit tactical conflict resolution. First, conflicts resulting from changes of direction are added to conflict resolution with intent trajectory propagation. Second, the likelihood of aircraft with opposing headings meeting in conflict is reduced by separating traffic into different layers per heading–altitude rules. Guidelines are set in place to make sure aircraft respect the heading ranges allowed at every crossed layer. Finally, we use a reinforcement learning agent to implement variable speed limits towards creating a more homogeneous traffic situation between cruising and climbing/descending aircraft. The effects of all of these variables were tested through fast-time simulations on an open source airspace simulation platform. Results showed that we were able to improve the operational safety of several scenarios.

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“…Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-aided wireless sensor networks (UAV-aided WSN) have gained more and more interest due to their many applications in monitoring, surveillance, and exploring in healthcare, agriculture, industry, and military [1][2][3][4][5]. Among UAVs' applications, one of the key functions is the data collection [6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priority-Based Data Collection for UAV-Aided Mobile Sensor Network

Liu

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In this work, we study data collection in multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-aided mobile wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The network topology is changing due to the mobility of the UAVs and the sensor nodes, so the design of efficient data collection protocols is a major concern. We address such high dynamic network and propose two mechanisms: prioritized-based contact-duration frame selection mechanism (PCdFS), and prioritized-based multiple contact-duration frame selection mechanisms (PMCdFS) to build collision-free scheduling and balance the nodes between the multi-UAV respectively. Based on the two mechanisms, we proposed a Balance algorithm to conduct the collision-free communication between the mobile nodes and the multi-UAVs. Two key design ideas for a Balance algorithm are: (a) no need of higher priority for those nodes that have lower transmission rate between them and the UAV and (b) improve the communication opportunity for those nodes that have shorter contact duration with the UAVs. We demonstrate the performance of proposed algorithms through extensive simulations, and real experiments. These experiments using 15 mobile nodes at a path with 10 intersections and 1 island, present that network fairness is efficiently enhanced. We also confirm the applicability of proposed algorithms in a challenging and realistic scenario through numerous experiments on a path at Tongji campus in Shanghai, China.

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Internet of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles—A Multilayer Low-Altitude Airspace Model for Distributed UAV Traffic Management

Cited by 57 publications

References 56 publications

The Rise of Drones in Internet of Things: A Survey on the Evolution, Prospects and Challenges of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

The Rise of Drones in Internet of Things: A Survey on the Evolution, Prospects and Challenges of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Velocity Obstacle Based Conflict Avoidance in Urban Environment with Variable Speed Limit

Priority-Based Data Collection for UAV-Aided Mobile Sensor Network

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