Interseismic slip rate and locking along the Maqin–Maqu Segment of the East Kunlun Fault, Northern Tibetan Plateau, based on Sentinel-1 images

Zhu, L.; Ji, Lanlan; Liu, Chuanjin

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2021.104703

Cited by 32 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In addition, both the geodetic observations over decadal timescales and geological studies from millennialscale geomorphic markers document a decreased slip rate on the east Kunlun fault from west to east (Diao et al, 2009;Duvall & Clark, 2010;Kirby et al, 2007;Lin & Guo, 2008;Zhu et al, 2021a;Zhu et al, 2020;Zhu et al, 2021b), and it terminated within the thickened crust of the plateau at its easternmost tip.…”

Section: Block-wide Distributed Deformation In the East Bayan Har Blockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among which the 2001 Mw 7.8 Kokoxili earthquake occurred in its north boundary and the 2010 Mw 6.9 Yushu earthquake in its south boundary. The Maduo earthquake is located about 70 km south to the east Kunlun fault (Figure 1b) which has been concerned for dozens of years in aspect of the its high seismic hazard (e.g., Van der Woerd et al, 2002;He et al, 2006;Kirby et al, 2007;Diao et al, 2019;Wang & Shen, 2020;Zhu et al, 2021b), and it fills the seismic gap in the northeast Bayan Har block where no MW ≥ 6.8 earthquake was instrumentally recorded by the GCMT catalog (Figure 1a). We realize that earthquake with similar magnitude level as the Maduo earthquake is rare in the northeast Bayan Har block to current seismic catalog.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resolving co- and early post-seismic slip variations of the 2021 MW 7.4 Maduo earthquake in east Bayan Har block with a block-wide distributed deformation mode from satellite synthetic aperture radar data

Wang

Song

et al. 2022

Earth and Planetary Physics

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On 21 May 2021 (UTC), an MW 7.4 earthquake jolted the east Bayan Har block in the Tibetan Plateau. The earthquake received widespread attention as it is the largest event in the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings since the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and in proximity to the seismic gaps on the east Kunlun fault. Here we use satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar data and subpixel offset observations along the range directions to characterize the coseismic deformation of the earthquake. Rang offset displacements depict clear surface ruptures with a total length of ~170 km involving two possible activated fault segments in the earthquake. Coseismic modeling results indicate that the earthquake is dominated by left-lateral strike-slip motions of up to 7 m within top 12 km of the crust. The well-resolved slip variations are characterized by five major slip patches along strike and 64% of shallow slip deficit, suggesting a young seismogenic structure. Spatial-temporal changes of postseismic deformation are mapped from the early 6day and 24-day InSAR observations, and are well explained by time-dependent afterslip models. Analysis of GPS velocity profiles and strain rates suggests that the eastward extrusion of plateau is diffusely distributed across the east Bayan Har block, but showing significant lateral heterogeneities as evidenced by magnetotelluric observations. The block-wide distributed deformation of the east Bayan Har block along with the significant co-and post-seismic stress loading from the Maduo earthquake imply high seismic risks on regional faults, especially the Tuosuo Lake and Maqin-Maqu segments of the Kunlun fault that known as seismic gaps.

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Section: Block-wide Distributed Deformation In the East Bayan Har Blockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving co- and early post-seismic slip variations of the 2021 MW 7.4 Maduo earthquake in east Bayan Har block with a block-wide distributed deformation mode from satellite synthetic aperture radar data

Wang

Song

et al. 2022

Earth and Planetary Physics

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“…Another important implication is related to the earthquake cycle modelling for the Kunlun fault. Contemporaneous slip-rates (decadal scale) are typically established with geodetic observations using a series of pre-defined faults and block models [12,14]. Longterm fault slip rates on the Kunlun fault is also well determined by geological survey [10,11].…”

Section: Implications On Seismic Hazard Estimate For the Kunlun Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the boundary of the Bayanhar block is a seismic zone capable of generating major earthquakes resulting from large fault slip rates (~6-11 mm/year) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and locking depths (>15 km), such as the Kunlun fault on the northern boundary, the seismic hazard of the large-scale subsidiary faults within the block has been overlooked and ignored to a great extent, which is further challenged by the difficulty of conducting field investigations on the higher plateau. The potential of major earthquakes within the block largely depends on the size of locked asperity on the fault, the interseismic fault slip rate, geometry and the stress perturbation induced by surrounding ruptures [14][15][16], which are important inputs of the seismic hazard model. The 2021 Mw 7.3 Maduo earthquake has been reported to have caused significant coseismic deformation and clear surface ruptures [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rupture Kinematics and Coseismic Slip Model of the 2021 Mw 7.3 Maduo (China) Earthquake: Implications for the Seismic Hazard of the Kunlun Fault

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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The 21 May 2021 Maduo earthquake was the largest event to occur on a secondary fault in the interior of the active Bayanhar block on the north-central Tibetan plateau in the last twenty years. A detailed kinematic study of the Maduo earthquake helps us to better understand the seismogenic environments of the secondary faults within the block, and its relationship with the block-bounding faults. In this study, firstly, SAR images are used to obtain the coseismic deformation fields. Secondly, we use a strain model-based method and steepest descent method (SDM) to resolve the three-dimensional displacement components and to invert the coseismic slip distribution constrained by coseismic displacement fields, respectively. The three-dimensional displacement fields reveal a dominant left-lateral strike-slip motion, local horizontal displacement variations and widely distributed near-fault subsidence/uplift deformation. We prefer a five-segment fault slip model, with well constrained fault geometry featuring different dip angles and striking, constrained by InSAR observations. The peak coseismic slip is estimated to be ~5 m near longitude 98.9°E at a depth of ~4–7 km. Overall, the distribution of the coseismic slip on the fault is highly correlated to the measured surface displacement offsets along the entire rupture. We observe the moderate shallow slip deficit and limited afterslip deformation following the Maduo earthquake, it may indicate the effects of off-fault deformation during the earthquake and stable interseismic creep on the fault. The occurrence of the Maduo earthquake on a subsidiary fault updates the importance and the traditional estimate of the seismic hazards for the Kunlun fault.

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“…1) and Maqin-Maqu segment (MMS) of the EKF were thought to be seismic gap zones due to the lack of historical earthquake records for at least 300 years, especially the MMS, which is highly populated (Wen et al, 2007(Wen et al, , 2018Xu et al, 2014;Li et al, 2011a;Shan et al, 2015;Li et al, 2017;Zhu et al, 2020;Pan et al, 2021). Geodesic research further suggests that multiple segments along the eastern section of the EKF, especially the MMS, are locked with a store of accumulated elastic strain energy, indicating the possible occurrence of strong earthquakes (Li et al, 2019;Zhu et al, 2020;Zhu et al, 2021a). However, the 2021 Maduo earthquake, another strong event that occurred along the eastern section of the EKF after the 2017 M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake, did not occur in the seismic gap of the main fault but on the branch fault to the south of the EKF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction Between Historical Earthquakes and the 2021 Mw7.4 Maduo Event and Their Impacts on the Seismic Gap Areas Along the East Kunlun Fault

Dong

Zhao

Qiao

2021

Preprint

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On May 21, 2021 (UTC time), a Mw7.4 earthquake struck Maduo County, Qinghai Province, China. The rupture of this typical strike-slip event and its aftershocks along the Kunlun-Jiangcuo fault (JCF) propagated approximately 170 km from the epicenter. In this study, we calculated the coseismic and postseismic Coulomb stress changes induced by 14 historical earthquakes and investigated their impacts on the 2021 Maduo source area. We found that the JCF is in the stress shadow of these historical events with a combined ΔCFS range of approximately -0.4 to -0.2 MPa. Since the seismogenic fault of the 1937 event is nearly parallel and close to the JCF, the rupture of the 1937 event had the greatest inhibitory effect on Maduo source area. We hypothesize that the actual loading rate at the depth of the seismogenic layer in the Maduo source area is much higher than the simulated value (0.3 kPa/a). Consequently, the Maduo earthquake still occurred despite the considerable delaying effect of these historical earthquakes (especially the 1937 event). Our findings also indicate that the tectonic stress in the eastern Bayanhar block is still rapidly accumulating and adjusting. Our investigation further reveals the enhanced stress induced by the historical and Maduo events with ΔCFS values of approximately 30~300 kPa and 50~300 kPa on the XDS and the eastern end of the EKF, respectively, not only on the MMS but also at the eastern end of each branch segment of the EKF. Hence, considering the accumulation of tectonic stress, we suggest that the seismic hazard in these two regions has been promoted.

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Interseismic slip rate and locking along the Maqin–Maqu Segment of the East Kunlun Fault, Northern Tibetan Plateau, based on Sentinel-1 images

Cited by 32 publications

References 79 publications

Resolving co- and early post-seismic slip variations of the 2021 MW 7.4 Maduo earthquake in east Bayan Har block with a block-wide distributed deformation mode from satellite synthetic aperture radar data

Resolving co- and early post-seismic slip variations of the 2021 MW 7.4 Maduo earthquake in east Bayan Har block with a block-wide distributed deformation mode from satellite synthetic aperture radar data

Rupture Kinematics and Coseismic Slip Model of the 2021 Mw 7.3 Maduo (China) Earthquake: Implications for the Seismic Hazard of the Kunlun Fault

Interaction Between Historical Earthquakes and the 2021 Mw7.4 Maduo Event and Their Impacts on the Seismic Gap Areas Along the East Kunlun Fault

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