Investigation of Glucosinolate Profile and Qualitative Aspects in Sprouts and Roots of Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) Using LC-ESI–Hybrid Linear Ion Trap with Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation

Abstract

Within the family of Brassicaceae, an important source of glucosinolates (GLSs) is represented by horseradish ( Armoracia rusticana P. Gaertner, B. Meyer & Scherbius), cultivated for its roots, which are grated fresh or processed into a sauce and used as a condiment. The characteristic pungent flavor of the root depends on the abundance of the bioactive GLS molecules. In crude plant extracts (sprouts and roots) of an accession of horseradish largely diffused in the Basilicata region (southern Italy), which develops many sprouts and produces white, fiery, and sharp-flavored marketable roots, we characterized the GLS profile by LC-ESI-LTQ-FTICR-MS and IRMPD. In sprouts and roots we identified 16 and 11 GLSs, respectively. We confirmed the presence of sinigrin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, gluconasturtin, and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and identified glucoiberin, gluconapin, glucocochlearin, glucoconringianin, glucosativin, glucoibarin, 5-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucocapparilinearisin or glucobrassicanapin, glucotropaeolin, and glucoarabishirsutain, not previously characterized in horseradish. Of particular note was the presence of the putative 2-methylsulfonyl-oxo-ethyl-GLS.

Polyphenol rich horseradish root extracts and juice: In vitro antitumor activity and mechanism of action

“…″″burning oil″″ 6 that is derived from sinigrin -GSL abundant in Brassicaceae family especially in mustard, horseradish and wasabi 7 . Agneta and associates detected 16 different glucosinolates in horseradish juice 8 .…”

Evaluation of an Aqueous Extract from Horseradish Root (Armoracia rusticana Radix) against Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Cellular Inflammation Reaction

“…Horseradish root is also known for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial characteristics and is consequently used for the treatment of acute sinusitis, bronchitis, and urinary bladder infection [ 2 – 5 ]. The characteristic hot flavour is mainly the result of the enzyme-mediated breakdown product called allyl isothiocyanate (allyl ITC) which is formed from the prodrug sinigrin [ 6 ]. Based on the current knowledge, it could be assumed that the health-promoting or curing effects of horseradish root are due to the bioactivity of allyl ITC.…”

A Complete Survey of Glycoalkaloids Using LC-FTICR-MS and IRMPD in a Commercial Variety and a Local Landrace of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and their Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Activities

“…Due to the diversity of GAs in plants, which is considerably greater than previously thought, there is a demand to improve GAs identification methods. The direct analysis of secondary metabolites in plant extracts by reverse-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with electrospray ionization (ESI) and FTICR-MS has shown to be feasible in conjunction with IRMPD as a structural elucidation and/or confirmation tool [24,25,26,29].…”

“…The presence of only small structural differences among various GAs requires the use of accurate and reproducible methods to identify and efficiently characterize them [22,23]. Electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS) provides a highly selective tool for the unambiguous identification of molecules, which can be extended to minor components without significant interferences from other compounds in plant extracts [24,25,26]. In order to obtain a high degree of GAs structural information, infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) is widely used as the method of excellence, since it produces a larger number of fragments [27].…”