Investigation of major and trace element distribution in the extraction–transesterification process of fatty acid methyl esters from microalgae Chlorella sp.

Soares, Bruno Meira; Vieira, Augusto Alves; Lemões, Juliana Silva; Santos, Carlos Honorato Schuch; Mesko, Márcia F.; Prímel, Ednei Gilberto; D’Oca, Marcelo Gonçalves Montes; Duarte, Fábio A.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.148

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The monitored isotope was 75 As. The radiofrequency power was set at 1300 W and the plasma gas flow rates were 18, 1.2, and 0.95 L min −1 for principal, auxiliary and nebulizer, respectively…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prepubertal exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite impairs spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in rats

Medeiros

Samelo

Silva

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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For the first time, juvenile toxicity of inorganic arsenic (As) was investigated in male rats, focusing on reproductive effects. As is a metalloid naturally occurring in the environment, being the inorganic forms the most toxics. Contaminated drinking water and agricultural products are the main prospectors of intoxication for general population. In the present study, Wistar male rats (21 days old) were distributed into three groups (n = 10/group): control (received vehiclefiltered drinking water), As1 (received AsNaO 2 at 0.01 mg L −1 ) and As2 (received AsNaO 2 at 10 mg L −1 ). The animals were euthanized on PND 53. Testicular damages increased in As1 and As2 compared to control (ie, presence of vacuolization, acidophilic cells, and epithelium degeneration). Testicular interstitium of As1 and As2 presented fluid's increase and intense inflammatory infiltration. In the epididymis there was reduction of sperm amount in the lumen, besides epithelium areas presenting cribriform aspect in As1 and As2, exfoliation of cells in the light (in As1) and vacuoles (in As2). In epididymis interstitium, inflammatory infiltrates were observed in initial segment of As1 and As2. AsNaO 2 changed immunolabeling pattern for androgen receptor in epididymis of As2, although serum testosterone levels was statistically comparable to control. Mass spectrometry revealed higher As concentrations in testis and epididymis of As2 compared to As1 and Control. These results indicate compromise of spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in AsNaO 2 -treated animals, possibly impairing sperm quality and fertility in long-term, even at low levels of exposure. Investigations about the reversibility of reproductive damages are necessary to better understand the mechanisms of As reproductive toxicity. K E Y W O R D Sexperimental study, histopathology, juvenile toxicity, metalloid 1 | INTRODUCTION Arsenic (As) is an element occurring naturally in the environment, chemically classified as metalloid. It can be found under organic and inorganic forms, being the inorganic the most toxic and prevalent in drinking water and aquatic environments. 1,2 The natural sources of As contamination in groundwater is often originated from the mobilization of natural deposits in rocks, sediments, soils, and geothermal water. 3 However, As contamination occurs mainly through a variety of anthropogenic activities, such as industry activity, copper smelting, As-bearing pesticides and herbicide and mining. 4 It is estimated that approximately 150 million people around the world are affected by increasing concentrations of As in drinking water. 5 In this concern, unintentional As exposure of populations from Bangladesh,

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prepubertal exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite impairs spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in rats

Medeiros

Samelo

Silva

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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“…Effective methods of disrupting the algal cell wall are fundamental to extracting lipids more efficiently . Several algal cell disruption methods are reported in the literature, including microwave, high‐pressure homogenization, bead beating, the chemical method, ultrasonic extraction, waterbath, blender, laser treatment, and magnetic stirring …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave‐Assisted Extraction of Lipids from Wet Microalgae Paste: A Quick and Efficient Method

Moura

Etges

Santos

et al. 2018

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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This article proposes an easy, quick, and efficient microwave method for the routine laboratory extraction of lipids from wet microalgae paste. A microwave synthesis instrument is used, and time and temperature are optimized using a central composite design. A chloroform/methanol mixture (2:1 v/v) is used as extractor solvent and the ideal condition is 1 min of microwave irradiation at 80 °C using power mode at 300 W. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows extensive cell damage leading to cracking, fragmentation, and large debris in a shorter treatment time. In addition, the fatty acids profile shows that microwave irradiation method has no degrading effect on the extracted fatty acids. The extraction by microwave achieves a significantly higher yield (33.6 ± 2.6%) with only 1 min of extraction time than conventional ultrasonic extraction (20 min, 25 °C, 28.51 ± 0.8% yield) from wet Nannochloropsis oculata biomass. Next, the efficiency of the extraction method in is evaluated in terms of species variation by applying it to the algal paste of Amphora coffeaeformis, Chaetoceros gracilis, and Isochrysis galbana. The lipid content obtained from A. coffeaeformis, C. gracilis, and I. galbana is 16.27 ± 1.5, 22.31 ± 2.5, and 19.87 ± 2.4%, respectively. Thus, the microwave method is successfully applied to algal paste. Practical Applications: The microalgal cell wall disruption is an important and complex stage and effective methods of disruption are fundamental to extracting lipids. This study shows an easy, quick, and efficient microwave method for application in routine laboratory extraction of lipids from wet microalgae pastes. A microwave compact instrument is used and the ideal condition is 1 min of microwave irradiation. The method proves to be robust against variation in mass achieved and significantly higher yield in a shorter time than ultrasonic extraction (conventional method). The microalgal cell disruption is an important and complex stage. The use of microwaves to induce cell disruption in wet biomass proves to be efficient for lipid extraction with only 1 min of extraction time. The method is applied successfully to wet microalgae pastes with different cell walls and the microwave radiation does not degrade the extracted fatty acids.

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“…About 2 mL of sample and 4 mL of concentrated HNO 3 were transferred to the vessels. The heating program was carried out as follows: 1000 W for 10 min (ramp of 10 min), 1400 W for 10 min and 0 W for 20 min (cooling) [21]. After cooling, the digests were diluted with ultrapure water up to 50 mL for further determination of Cu and Fe by ICP OES.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for extraction and preconcentration of Cu and Fe in red and white wine and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Seeger

Rosa

Bizzi

et al. 2015

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Investigation of major and trace element distribution in the extraction–transesterification process of fatty acid methyl esters from microalgae Chlorella sp.

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

Prepubertal exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite impairs spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in rats

Prepubertal exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite impairs spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in rats

Microwave‐Assisted Extraction of Lipids from Wet Microalgae Paste: A Quick and Efficient Method

Feasibility of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for extraction and preconcentration of Cu and Fe in red and white wine and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

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