Ionic liquid-mediated bis[(3-methyldimethoxysilyl)propyl] polypropylene oxide-based polar sol–gel coatings for capillary microextraction

Sol–gel microextraction phases for sample preconcentration in chromatographic analysis

“…IL‐mediated sol–gel organic–inorganic hybrid phases have shown improved extraction efficiency and superior sample preconcentration effects in CME of polar, nonpolar, and moderately polar analytes from aqueous samples due to favorable material characteristics including porous morphology, enhanced surface area, and enhanced stability 164, 165. ILs proved to be suitable for use as cosolvents and porogens in a sol–gel system due to their ability to be recycled, high‐thermal stability, and the effect of cationic and anionic portions of ILs on pore structure and distribution.…”

“…Recently, two ILs, 1‐methyl‐3‐octylimidazolium chloride (MOIC) and TTPT have been used as cosolvents to show their effects on the porosity of sol–gel materials and to develop polar and nonpolar sol–gel coatings for CME 165. BMPO was used as a sol–gel‐active organic component to prepare polar sol–gel hybrid organic–inorganic coatings 165. The sol–gel BMPO coatings containing both ILs showed lower LODs for polar and nonpolar analytes compared with the sol–gel BMPO coatings excluded of ILs.…”

“…Moreover, investigation of SEM images (Fig. 9) further illustrated that the MOIC‐mediated sol–gel BMPO coating provided more porous morphology accountable for more efficient extraction performance 165.…”

High-temperature solvent stability of sol–gel germania triblock polymer coatings in capillary microextraction on-line coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography

“…The chemical anchoring of sol-gel coatings to the fiber [1] or inner walls of the fused silica capillary [3] is responsible for their enhanced thermal and solvent stability [1]. Sol-gel CME coatings have been effectively coupled with GC [3,[5][6][7][8][9][10], capillary electrophoresis (CE) [11,12], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [13,14], and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Sol-gel coated microextraction capillaries can easily be hyphenated on-line with HPLC [15][16][17][18][19][20][21], without the need to use complex desorption devices which are required to couple fiber SPME to HPLC [22].…”

Innovative chemically bonded ionic liquids-based sol–gel coatings as highly porous, stable and selective stationary phases for solid phase microextraction

“…Owing to the special molecular structure of an association between a cation and an anion moiety, ILs can be used as excellent solvent and pore templates to prepare various inorganic and organic-inorganic hybrid silica materials for analytical separations by the sol-gel method [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Recently, Malik et al [44,45] reported the development of IL-mediated polar and nonpolar sol-gel PDMS, hydroxy-terminated poly(dimethyl-co-diphenylsiloxane) (PDMDPS), bis[(3-methyldimethoxysilyl)propyl] polypropylene oxide (BMPO), poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(tetrahydrofuran) coatings for capillary microextraction using phosphonium, pyridinium and imidazolium-based ILs as co-solvents and porogens. In this work, the developed capillaries were thermally conditioned above the decomposition temperatures of the ILs used and then rinsed with a mixture of CH 2 Cl 2 and CH 3 OH.…”