Iron Deficiency Anaemia

Zeng, Lingxia; Pei, Leilei; Li, Chao; Yan, Hong

doi:10.5772/intechopen.69048

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Neonatal deaths stem from poor maternal health, inadequate nutritional status [16][17][18], or care during pregnancy [9,10,14,35]. Although no association was identified with maternal age, antenatal care visit, gravidity, and obstetric complications similar to other study [8], the high prevalence of neonatal mortality attributed to LBW may be a sign of poor maternal conditions [9,10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preterm births are at high risk of RDS due to pulmonary surfactant deficiency in the lungs and are prone to hospital admission and death [12,13,29,30]. Several interlinked factors could have resulted for this up surge in LBW babies, such as in-utero growth restriction associated with poor nutritional status of mothers of secondary to low socio-economic status [9,10,[16][17][18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of previous studies have attempted to identify factors associated with neonatal admission [5,6] and mortality [7][8][9][10][11]. Sepsis [6,12], respiratory distress syndrome [9,[11][12][13], preterm birth [9,12,[14][15][16], low birth weight [9,12,[15][16][17][18], low apgars scores(a quantitative measure of neonatal vitality), at 1 and 5 min of birth [11,12], low socioeconomic status [9,10,14,19], cesarean section delivery [20], and neonatal age on admission [11,14], are among the factors associated attributable factors of neonatal mortality [9-15, 19, 20]. Eritrea, with a population of 4.95 million has made tremendous advances in reducing neonatal mortality from 232/1000 in 1970 to 78.2/1000 in 2010 and 17.8/1000 in 2015 [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neonatal mortality and associated factors in the specialized neonatal care unit Asmara, Eritrea

et al. 2020

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Background: Limited knowledge on the magnitude of neonatal mortality and associated factors is hampering early intervention in African countries. Objective: To determine neonatal mortality and associated factors in the Specialized Neonatal Care Unit Asmara, Eritrea. Methods: Medical records of all neonates admitted to the Specialized Neonatal Care Unit in 2016 were reviewed using a cross-sectional study. The most important causes of admission and mortality were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the strength of risk factors associated with neonatal mortality. Variables significant at P < 0.20 level in the univariate analysis were retained in the multivariate model. Model fit was evaluated using Hosmer and Lemeshow test (Chi-square = 12.89, df = 8; P = 0.116), implies the model's estimates fit the data at an acceptable level. Collinearity was assessed using variance inflation factor (VIF) < 4. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 1204 (59.9% boys and 40.1% girls) neonates admitted in 2016, 79 (65.6/1000 live births) died. The major causes of admission were sepsis (35.5%), respiratory distress syndrome (15.4%) and perinatal asphyxia (10%). Major causes of death were respiratory distress syndrome (48.1%); extremely low birth weight (40.9%) and very low birth weight (30.5%). After adjustment, low birth weight (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.55, 95% CI,1.97-10.50), very low birth weight (AOR = 19.24, 95% CI, 5.80-63.78), late admission (24 h after diagnosis) (AOR = 2.96, 95% CI, 1.34-6.52), apgar score (in 1 min AOR = 2.28, 95% CI, 1.09-4.76, in 5 min AOR = 2.07, 95% CI, 1.02-4.22), and congenital abnormalities (AOR = 3.95, 95% CI, 1.59-9.85) were significantly associated with neonatal mortality. Neonates that stayed > 24 h in the Specialized Neonatal Care Unit (AOR = 0.23, 95% CI, 0.11-0.46) had a lower likelihood of death. Overall 95.8% of mothers of neonates attended antenatal care and 96.6% were facility delivered. None of the maternal conditions were associated with neonatal mortality in this study. Conclusions: Low birth weight, late admission, low apgar scores and congenital abnormalities were significantly associated with neonatal mortality in the Specialized Neonatal Care Unit. Early management of low birth weight, preterm births, and neonatal complications should be the priority issues for controlling local neonatal deaths.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neonatal mortality and associated factors in the specialized neonatal care unit Asmara, Eritrea

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, IV supplementation can reduce the risk of gastrointestinal toxicity, avoid oxidative damage to the intestinal mucosa, with a rapid increase in Hb, and will be positively correlated with increasing serum hepcidin levels. (11) (25) Zehra (2017) found that intravenous iron supplementation causes an increase in hepcidin levels. Iron deficiency anemia is associated with low serum hepcidin levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Oral and Intravenous Iron Supplementation on Serum Hepcidin and Ferritin Levels in Rattus Norvegicus Pregnant Strain Wistar with Anemia

Wijayanti

Yerizel

Defrin

2022

Int J Sci Healthcare Res

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Background: Anemia is an indirect cause of high maternal mortality rates worldwide characterized by low levels of hemoglobin, hepcidin, and serum ferritin. Hepcidin is a biomarker of iron metabolism in the body while ferritin acts as a store of iron. Hepcidin and ferritin levels during pregnancy will decrease. To restore the levels, supplementation is required either orally or intravenously. This study aimed to determine the effect of oral and intravenous iron supplementation on hepcidin and ferritin levels. Methods: This was an experimental laboratory study using Posttest Only Control Group Design. The sample was 24 Rattus Norvegicus divided into 4 groups: the negative control group without treatment, the positive control group given NaNo, the, P1 given oral iron supplementation, and the P2 given intravenous iron. The maintenance of the test animals in this study was carried out at the Pharmacy laboratory of Universitas Andalas Padang in June-August 2021. The experimental animals were Rattus Norvegicus Wistar females weighing 200-250 grams, aged between 3-4 months conditioned to be pregnant. The serum examination of hepcidin and ferritin levels used the ELISA method and the normality test used Shapiro Wilk. Then, the significance test used One-Way ANNOVA followed by multiple comparisons of Bonferroni types. Results: The results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in hepcidin levels in the positive control group, treatment group 1, treatment 2 that were 219.52 ng/ml, 220.27 ng/ml, and 221.49 ng/ml. Likewise, the ferritin levels in the positive control group, treatment 1, and treatment 2 were 5.91 ng/ml, 6.81 ng/ml and 7.72 ng/ml. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that oral and intravenous iron supplementation had an effect on increasing serum hepcidin and ferritin levels in Rattus norvegicus pregnant strain Wistar with anemia. Keywords: Oral iron supplementation, intravenous supplementation, hepcidin and ferritin

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“…It is a common disease among women, children, and the elderly. It is also associated with many medical conditions and thus complicates the differential diagnosis [17][18][19][20]. This study was conducted to create a new approach that could help hematologists and physicians identify a group of thalassemic patients and SCD patients from IDA and normal subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of the mathematically calculated red cell indices in patients with qualitative and quantitative hemoglobinopathies

et al. 2022

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Background Hemoglobinopathies represent a set of inherited red blood cell (RBCs) disorders, characterized by abnormal hemoglobin molecule. They include qualitative and quantitative hemoglobinopathies, with a structurally abnormal globin chain in the first and defective production in the later. This study assessed, for the first time, the significance of the mathematically calculated RBC indices to identify patients with hemoglobinopathies from normal subjects or iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and to differentiate various types of hemoglobinopathies from each other. Subjects and methods The study was a comparative hospital based and included 167 participants with hemoglobinopathies (group 1) and 49 participants with IDA (group 2) as an active comparator. Another 50 healthy volunteers (group 3) were also included. All participants were subjected to medical history, clinical examination, CBC, and HPLC. Next, 10 RBC indices were mathematically calculated from the CBC for each participant. Results Gender analysis shows that females represent 36.8% in thalassemia group, 42% in sickle cell disease (SCD) group, and 71.4% in IDA group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve shows that Ehsani index (EI) is the most reliable screening tool for thalassemics because of showing the highest Youden index and specificity of 41.88% and 88.89%, respectively, followed by Shine and Lal index (SL), with Youden index (YI) value, specificity, and sensitivity equal to 39.78%, 69.70%, and 70.09%, respectively. Similar results were found for IDA. For SCD, SL index is the most suitable screening tool. In conclusion, the mathematically calculated RBC indices are available, cheap, reliable, and sensitive tools for screening patients with hemoglobinopathies.

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Iron Deficiency Anaemia

Cited by 9 publications

References 105 publications

Neonatal mortality and associated factors in the specialized neonatal care unit Asmara, Eritrea

Neonatal mortality and associated factors in the specialized neonatal care unit Asmara, Eritrea

The Effect of Oral and Intravenous Iron Supplementation on Serum Hepcidin and Ferritin Levels in Rattus Norvegicus Pregnant Strain Wistar with Anemia

Significance of the mathematically calculated red cell indices in patients with qualitative and quantitative hemoglobinopathies

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