KPiX, an array of self triggered charge sensitive cells generating digital time and amplitude information.

Abstract

Abstract-The Silicon Detector proposed for the International Linear Collider (ILC) requires electronic read-out that can be tightly coupled to the silicon detectors envisioned for the tracker and the electromagnetic calorimeter. The KPiX is a 1024-channel read-out chip that bump-bonds to the detector and communicates through a few digital signals, power, and detector bias. The KPiX front-end is a low-noise dual-range charge-amplifier with a dynamic range of 17 bit, achieved by autonomous switching of the feedback capacitor. The device takes advantage of the ILC duty cycle of 1 ms trains at 5 Hz rate by lowering the supply current after the data acquisition cycle for an average power consumption of <20 μW/channel. During the 1 ms train, up to four events exceeding a programmable threshold can be stored, the amplitude as a voltage on a capacitor for subsequent digitization, the event time in digital format. The chip can be configured for other than ILC applications.

Development of Large Area GEM Chambers

“…Prototype Chambers using 13-bit KPiX Chip As the continuation of the chamber characterization process, and as the first step for the full-size ( ) test beam chambers, we have been developing a GEM prototype chambers read out with the 64 channel 13-bit KPiX [10] chip originally developed for the SiD silicon-tungsten (Si/W) electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) [11], [12]. The chip has been modified to include a switchable gain to accommodate small signals from GEM chamber.…”

Future of ePix detectors for high repetition rate FELs

“…Some applications might greatly benefit from the implementation of particular selections of these techniques. [18] and subsequently by Keck-PAD [19], DSSC [20], AGIPD [21], and LPD [22]. ‡ Trade-offs could include: much larger pixels, design complexity, yield and cost.…”

ePix: A class of front-end ASICs for second generation LCLS integrating hybrid pixel detectors

“…The reset system makes use of thicker oxide devices to avoid leakage paths for large signals. To maintain sufficient resolution for small signal the ePix10k architecture implements multiple gain settings and auto-ranging [4]. To increase the output range and to minimize non-linearity effects in the preamplifier response, in both designs an output stage using zero-threshold MOSFETs has been implemented.…”