“…Speakers directly manipulate the acoustical patterns of their speech to convey different traits across communicative contexts (environmental acoustics, audience's social status, gender, and age [11]). The link between these extrinsic and intrinsic speaker characteristics and the specific acoustic characteristics of speech also depends in part on social context [12,13], and several studies show how speech acoustics affects speakers' credibility and social attractiveness differently in different languages and cultures. For example, a regional or foreign accent negatively affects speakers' credibility among American English listeners [14,15], but does not affect speakers' social attractiveness among Italian listeners [16].…”