Large area electrodeposition of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2

Kampmann, Andreas; Sittinger, V.; Rechid, J.; Reineke‐Koch, Rolf

doi:10.1016/s0040-6090(99)00863-9

Cited by 56 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…[28], triethanolamine [28,36], thiocyanate [37], etc., are used during the one-step electrodeposition of CIS thin-films. In addition, a supporting electrolyte such as chloride (LiCl [22,34,38,39] or NaCl [40]) or sulfate (K 2 SO 4 [41][42][43]) is added which results in an improved conductivity of the electrolyte leading to easier mobility of the precursor ions. Often amorphous or poorly crystalline CIS films were observed from electrodeposition which contains frequently degenerate Cu 2-x Se phases that are detrimental to the device performance [30,37].…”

Section: Electrodeposition Of Ternary/quaternary Chalcopyritesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed Electrochemical Deposition of CuInSe2 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Semiconductor Thin Films

Mandati¹,

Sarada²,

Dey³

et al. 2018

Semiconductors - Growth and Characterization

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CuInSe 2 (CIS) and Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) semiconductors are the most studied absorber materials for thin films solar cells due to their direct bandgap and large absorption coefficient. The highly efficient CIGS devices are often fabricated using expensive vacuum based technologies; however, recently electrodeposition has been demonstrated to produce CIGS devices with high efficiencies and it is easily amenable for large area films of high quality with effective material use and high deposition rate. In this context, this chapter discusses the recent developments in CIS and CIGS technologies using electrodeposition. In addition, the fundamental features of electrodeposition such as direct current, pulse and pulse-reverse plating and their application in the fabrication of CIS and CIGS films are discussed. In conclusion, the chapter summarizes the utilization of pulse electrodeposition for fabrication of CIS and CIGS films while making a recommendation for exploring the group's unique pulse electroplating method.

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Section: Electrodeposition Of Ternary/quaternary Chalcopyritesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed Electrochemical Deposition of CuInSe2 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Semiconductor Thin Films

Mandati¹,

Sarada²,

Dey³

et al. 2018

Semiconductors - Growth and Characterization

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“…[21,22] Light absorbers in thin-film photovoltaic cells such as CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 were also prepared by electrodeposition and achieved promising efficiencies. [23,24] Because cost reduction and large-area applications are the musts in solar cell technology, there are high expectations of these chemical solution processes.…”

Section: Feature Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Thin Films

Yoshida

Zhang

Komatsu

et al. 2008

Adv Funct Materials

338

344

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Electrodeposition of inorganic compound thin films in the presence of certain organic molecules results in self‐assembly of various hybrid thin films with new properties. Examples of new discoveries by the authors are reviewed, taking cathodic formation of a ZnO/dye hybrid as the leading example. Hybridization of eosinY leads to the formation of highly oriented porous crystalline ZnO as the consequence of dye loading. The hybrid formation is a highly complicated process involving complex chemistry of many molecular and ionic constituents. However, electrochemical analyses of the relevant phenomena indicate the possibility of reaching a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism, giving us the chance to further develop them into industrial technologies. The porous crystals are ideal for photoelectrodes in dye‐sensitized solar cells. As the process also permits the use of non‐heat‐resistant substrates, the technology can be applied for the development of colorful and light‐weight plastic solar cells.

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“…InSe thin films were deposited from acidic aqueous solutions containing In 3+ and SeO 2 (or H 2 SeO 3 ) at potentials that ranged from −0.8 to −1.35 V vs. SCE [49][50][51][52][53][54][55] . The indium ions were from chloride 49,50,54,55) or sulfate [51][52][53] salts.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The indium ions were from chloride 49,50,54,55) or sulfate [51][52][53] salts. In the deposition of InSe, the pH of the bath solution was below 1. , and citrate, with a pH of 2 at a potential of −1.6 V vs. MSE for 45 min.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemically Fabricated Alloys and Semiconductors Containing Indium

Chung¹,

Lee²

2012

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology

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:Although indium (In) is not an abundant element, the use of indium is expected to grow, especially as applied to copper-indium-(gallium)-selenide (CI(G)S) solar cells. In future when CIGS solar cells will be used extensively, the available amount of indium could be a limiting factor, unless a synthetic technique of efficiently utilizing the element is developed. Current vacuum techniques inherently produce a significant loss of In during the synthetic process, while electrodeposition exploits nearly 100% of the In, with little loss of the material. Thus, an electrochemical process will be the method of choice to produce alloys of In once the proper conditions are designed. In this review, we examine the electrochemical processes of electrodeposition in the synthesis of indium alloys. We focus on the conditions under which alloys are electrodeposited and on the factors that can affect the composition or properties of alloys. The knowledge is to facilitate the development of electrochemical means of efficiently using this relatively rare element to synthesize valuable materials, for applications such as solar cells and light-emitting devices.

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Large area electrodeposition of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2

Cited by 56 publications

References 8 publications

Pulsed Electrochemical Deposition of CuInSe2 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Semiconductor Thin Films

Pulsed Electrochemical Deposition of CuInSe2 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Semiconductor Thin Films

Electrodeposition of Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Thin Films

Electrochemically Fabricated Alloys and Semiconductors Containing Indium

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