Las minas del centro-sur andino, los cultos prehispánicos y los cultos cristianos

Abstract

ou la région du piémont amazonien ; tous sont liés à la figure de l'otorongo. Les images qui se dégagent de ces cultes mettent en scène une série d'artéfacts, de figures et d'entités que nous retrouvons dans la description du vieux culte colla de l'île du Titicaca, héritier de Tiwanaku ainsi que dans d'autres régions du centre-sud des Andes. Tous ces cultes influencèrent en grande partie le système religieux inca et certains perdurèrent jusqu'au XVIIe siècle. Mots clés-mines, Collasuyo, cultes chrétiens, cultes pré-hispaniques

Metal Del Viento: Aproximación Experimental Para La Comprensión Del Funcionamiento De Las Wayras Andinas

“…El propio Diego Gualpa, súbdito inka al servicio de los españoles de Porco y "descubridor" oficial del mineral de Potosí, sobre quien tratamos ampliamente en otros trabajos (Cruz y Absi 2008, Cruz 2009), ilustra las dificultades que tuvieron los españoles cuando intentaron fundir el mineral por él descubierto. 13 Finalmente, otro aspecto de importancia, fue la dimensión mágico-religiosa que tuvo la producción de metales en tiempos prehispánicos (Bouysse-Cassagne 2005, 2008, la cual sin duda se mantuvo vigente durante los primeros años de la Colonia, siendo las minas, los minerales, las wayras y los metales objeto de veneración por parte de los indígenas andinos. 14 A pesar de las numerosas referencias documentales, a la fecha no se hallaron registros materiales de antiguas wayras, sean éstas históricas o etnográficas, intactas o parcialmente intactas.…”

Late Pre-Hispanic and Early Colonial Silver Production in the Quebrada De Tarapacá, Northern Chile

“…Pizarro (1986Pizarro ( [1571: 189) goes on to describe the large nuggets of silver that were characteristic of the rich albeit discontinuous veins of silver at Huantajaya: "[t]hey found some round papas [potatoes] as in the manner of truffles… potatoes of silver loose in the ground, with weights of two hundred pesos [a Spanish unit of weight for silver equivalent to 27 grams], and three hundred, and five hundred, and of an arroba [equivalent to 11.3 kg] and of two arrobas, and sometimes of a quintal [equivalent to 100 kg]." Platt and colleagues (2006: 157, 158) suggest that these "papas" of silver were actually "mamas" revered by Andean peoples as sacred huacas (Albornoz 1989(Albornoz [1581(Albornoz /1585 Bouysse-Cassagne 2005, 2008, and that the Inka may have been particularly interested in controlling mines that produced such large nodules of gold or silver. Scholars have similarly argued that the richness and potentially sacred nature of the Huantajaya mines may account for why the Inka performed a capacocha ceremony at the nearby site of Cerro Esmeralda, which, at 905 m.a.s.l., is one of very few low-altitude sacrifices known in the Andes (Checura 1977;see fig.…”

Pre-Hispanic Mining Ergology of Northern Chile: An Archaeological Perspective

“…This is mainly due to the lack of direct evidence of prehistoric mining, which was often destroyed by colonial and modern mining operations. Studies of mining ethnohistory (Bakewell 1989;Berthelot 1978;Bouysse-Cassagne 2005Platt et al 2006;Cruz 2009) and the anthropology of mining (Absi 2003;Godoy 1985;Nash 1979;Salazar-Soler 2002) have been more prosperous for systematic research in the Andes.…”

“…It is said that in Tarapacá there was a vein of precious white silver that belonged to the Sun, which the indigenous miners did not want the Spaniards to discover because 'their conjurers told them they would all die and their sown fields would dry if they discovered it ' (Pizarro [1571] (9.2) was worked in the Early Colonial period (Berthelot 1978;Bouysse-Cassagne 2005;Gavira 2005;Platt et al 2006). Although the treasured silver mine of Huantajaya was well known -it was even associated with the capacocha child-sacrifice ceremony at Cerro Esmeralda (Checura 1977)-there is little direct evidence of pre-Hispanic or Early Colonial mining operations in the area.…”