Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding of Thin Steel Sheets

Ono, M.; Shinbo, Yukio; Yoshitake, Akihide; Ohmura, Masanori

doi:10.2207/qjjws.21.515

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…146 Blowhole macroporosity occurs during the laser lap welding of zinc coated steels. 52,54,147 The boiling point of zinc is approximately 900uC, which is significantly lower than the melting point of iron (1538uC). When zinc coated sheets are lap welded, zinc vapour filled bubbles form and blowholes are generated in the final weldment.…”

Section: Defect Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When zinc coated sheets are lap welded, zinc vapour filled bubbles form and blowholes are generated in the final weldment. 52,54,147 With laser/GMAW hybrid welding, the formation of blowholes and porosity are significantly diminished as compared to laser welding because a much longer time elapses before the molten metal solidifies, allowing for the bubbles to escape. 147,148 Additional defects can be caused, particularly in laser welding, by gaps which may form due to improper joint fit-up.…”

Section: Defect Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…52,54,147 With laser/GMAW hybrid welding, the formation of blowholes and porosity are significantly diminished as compared to laser welding because a much longer time elapses before the molten metal solidifies, allowing for the bubbles to escape. 147,148 Additional defects can be caused, particularly in laser welding, by gaps which may form due to improper joint fit-up. The ability to bridge larger gaps during hybrid welding means less edge preparation.…”

Section: Defect Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Problems and issues in laser-arc hybrid welding

Ribic

Palmer

DebRoy

2009

International Materials Reviews

202

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hybrid welding, using the combination of a laser and an electrical arc, is designed to overcome problems commonly encountered during either laser or arc welding such as cracking, brittle phase formation and porosity. When placed in close contact with each other, the two heat sources interact in such a way as to produce a single high intensity energy source. This synergistic interaction of the two heat sources has been shown to alleviate problems commonly encountered in each individual welding process. Hybrid welding allows increased gap tolerances, as compared to laser welding, while retaining the high weld speed and penetration necessary for the efficient welding of thicker workpieces. A number of simultaneously occurring physical processes have been identified as contributing to these unique properties obtained during hybrid welding. However, the physical understanding of these interactions is still evolving. This review critically analyses the recent advances in the fundamental understanding of hybrid welding processes with emphases on the physical interaction between the arc and laser and the effect of the combined arc/laser heat source on the welding process. Important areas for further research are also identified. List of symbols and acronymsa coefficient in the surface tension pressure term A area of the transverse weld cross-section (mm 2 ) B magnetic flux (kg s 22 A 21 ) c molar concentration of vapour inside keyhole (mol cm 23 ) C concentration of surface active elements (wt-%) C p heat capacity or specific heat (J kg 21 K 21 ) DCEN direct current electrode negative DCEP direct current electrode positive D LA horizontal distance between laser focal point and arc electrode tip dT/dy spatial temperature gradient on the weld pool surface (K mm 21 ) E A attenuated incident radiation (W) f distribution factor F b buoyancy force (N m 23 ) F emf Lorentz or electromagnetic force (N m 23 ) g acceleration due to gravity (m s 22 ) GMA gas metal arc GMAW gas metal arc welding GTA gas tungsten arc GTAW gas tungsten arc welding h depth of keyhole (mm) H heat input per unit length (J mm 21 ) HAZ heat affected zone HCP hexagonal close packed H f latent heat of fusion (J kg 21 ) I arc current (A) I a attenuated laser beam intensity (W) I m imaginary portion of the complex refractive index I o initial laser beam intensity (W) J flux of evaporating particles in keyhole (mol cm 22 s 21 ) J c current density (A m 22 ) k e extinction coefficient k thermal conductivity (W m 21 K 21 ) L characteristic length (half of the weld pool width) (mm) L P length of the plasma (mm) L R characteristic length of the weld pool (mm) m complex refractive index n refractive index N number density of scattering particles (no./mm) Nd:YAG neodymium:yttrium aluminium garnet P incident heat source power (W) P d power density (W mm 22 ) Pe Peclet number P r recoil pressure (Pa) P v vapour pressure (Pa) P n power or nominal power (W) P t total power of the heat source (W) International Materials Reviews 2009 VOL 54 NO 4223 P c pressure due to surfa...

show abstract

Section: Defect Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Defect Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Defect Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Problems and issues in laser-arc hybrid welding

Ribic

Palmer

DebRoy

2009

International Materials Reviews

202

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many experiments of the hybrid laser-GMA welding have been carried out with an attempt to identify the weldability of various base materials, [7][8][9][10][11] and the effects of operating parameters on the weld quality. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The experimental studies provided the useful information for the understanding and improvement of the hybrid welding. It was concluded that laser power and arc current, laser to arc power ratio and laser-arc interval should be set carefully to achieve the stable keyhole formation, 14 the high melting energy 18 and the improved weld quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 The phenomena of the synergistic interaction between the laser beam and the electric arc were also observed. [14][15][16] The laser beam stabilised the arc even at the high welding speed. 15 The laser induced metal vapour enhanced the current conduction and reduced the arc voltage as blending into the arc plasma, and hence affected the features of metal transfer mode in the arc process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of hybrid laser–GMA welding: Review and challenges

Rao

Liao

Tsai

2011

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hybrid welding, which is the integration of laser beam welding (LBW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW), may minimise the disadvantages while retaining the advantages for each of the two welding technologies and, hence, has recently received increasing interest in the welding industry. However, the hybrid welding involves very complex transport phenomena which are inherited from each of LBW and GMAW and their interactions. The development of hybrid welding has been based on the trial and error procedure and so far rather limited numerical modelling on hybrid welding is available. This paper presents an up to date literature review on modelling of the hybrid welding including LBW and GMAW. Issues and challenges for a comprehensive hybrid welding model are discussed. With the advances of numerical techniques and computers, a comprehensive hybrid welding model can be developed as a useful tool for determining key process parameters and helping the elimination/reduction of possible weld defects.

show abstract