Latent help to and from H‐2 antigens

Mitchison, Avrion

doi:10.1002/eji.1830220119

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…BCR recognition (signal 1) of the cognate alloantigen provides an activation signal via CD19 complex (which comprises CD19, CD21, CD81 and CD225) 3–5 . The BCR is also responsible for internalization (endocytosis) of alloantigens derived from the allogeneic cells, which are degraded and presented via MHC II molecules 6,7 . Primed B cells are translocated into the T cell rich area (T cell zone, paracortex) and only B cells which interact with cognate T helper cells (Tfh) receive further activation signals.…”

Section: B Cell In Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk Between T and B Cells in the Germinal Center After Transplantation

et al. 2017

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Cross-talk between B and T cells in transplantation is increasingly recognized as being important in the alloimmune response. T cell activation of B cells occurs by a 3-stage pathway, culminating with costimulation signals. We review the distinct T cell subtypes required for B cell activation, and discuss the formation of the Germinal Center (GC) after transplantation, with particular reference to the repopulation of the GC following depletional induction, and the subsequent effect of immunosuppressive manipulation of T-B cell interactions. Additionally, ectopic GCs are seen in transplantation, but their role is not fully understood. Therapeutic options to target T-B cell interactions are of considerable interest, both as immunosuppressive tools, and to aid further understanding of these important alloimmune mechanisms.

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Section: B Cell In Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk Between T and B Cells in the Germinal Center After Transplantation

et al. 2017

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“…These processed epitopes are presented on the surface of B cells with MHC class II and are recognized by the HTLs with a corresponding T cell receptor. This causes B lymphocytes to differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells [ 89 , 90 ]. These antibodies play an important role in pathogen neutralization [ 91 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mRNA-Based Vaccine Designing against Epstein-Barr Virus to Induce an Immune Response Using Immunoinformatic and Molecular Modelling Approaches

Althurwi

Alharthy

Albaqami

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a human pathogen that has a morbidity rate of 90% in adults worldwide. Infectious mononucleosis is caused by EBV replication in B cells and epithelial cells of the host. EBV has also been related to autoimmune illnesses, including multiple sclerosis and cancers like nasopharyngeal carcinomas and Burkitt’s lymphoma. Currently, no effective medications or vaccinations are available to treat or prevent EBV infection. Thus, the current study focuses on a bioinformatics approach to design an mRNA-based multi-epitope (MEV) vaccine to prevent EBV infections. For this purpose, we selected six antigenic proteins from the EBV proteome based on their role in pathogenicity to predict, extract, and analyze T and B cell epitopes using immunoinformatics tools. The epitopes were directed through filtering parameters including allergenicity, toxicity, antigenicity, solubility, and immunogenicity assessment, and finally, the most potent epitopes able to induce T and B cell immune response were selected. In silico molecular docking of prioritized T cell peptides with respective Human Leukocytes Antigens molecules, were carried out to evaluate the individual peptide’s binding affinity. Six CTL, four HTL, and ten linear B cell epitopes fulfilled the set parameters and were selected for MEV-based mRNA vaccine. The prioritized epitopes were joined using suitable linkers to improve epitope presentation. The immune simulation results affirmed the designed vaccine’s capacity to elicit a proper immune response. The MEV-based mRNA vaccine constructed in this study offers a promising choice for a potent vaccine against EBV.

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“…The processed epitopes are presented in combination with MHC class II on the surface of B lymphocytes and are recognized by HTLs possessing a cognate T-cell Receptor (TCR). This leads to the differentiation of B lymphocytes into antibody secreting plasma cells [187][188][189]. These antibodies are extremely important in neutralizing pathogens [190].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing a novel mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: An immunoinformatics approach

Ahammad

Lira

2020

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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SARS-CoV-2 is the deadly virus behind COVID-19, the disease that went on to ravage the world and caused the biggest pandemic 21st century has witnessed so far. On the face of ongoing death and destruction, the urgent need for the discovery of a vaccine against the virus is paramount. This study resorted to the emerging discipline of immunoinformatics in order to design a multi-epitope mRNA vaccine against the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. Various immunoinformatics tools were utilized to predict T and B lymphocyte epitopes. The epitopes were channeled through a filtering pipeline comprised of antigenicity, toxicity, allergenicity, and cytokine inducibility evaluation with the goal of selecting epitopes capable of generating both T and B cell-mediated immune responses. Molecular docking simulation between the epitopes and their corresponding MHC molecules was carried out. 13 epitopes, a highly immunogenic adjuvant, elements for proper sub-cellular trafficking, a secretion booster, and appropriate linkers were combined for constructing the vaccine. The vaccine was found to be antigenic, almost neutral at physiological pH, non-toxic, non-allergenic, capable of generating a robust immune response and had a decent worldwide population coverage. Based on these parameters, this design can be considered a promising choice for a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.

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Latent help to and from H‐2 antigens

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Crosstalk Between T and B Cells in the Germinal Center After Transplantation

Crosstalk Between T and B Cells in the Germinal Center After Transplantation

mRNA-Based Vaccine Designing against Epstein-Barr Virus to Induce an Immune Response Using Immunoinformatic and Molecular Modelling Approaches

Designing a novel mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: An immunoinformatics approach

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