Levels of urinary cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide after shisha smoking

Taufik, Feni Fitriani; Giovana, L; Susanto, Agus Dwi

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1073/2/022019

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A study by Taufik et al of 41 cigarette smokers who were treated with shisha cigarettes to measure UCot levels found that the median value prior to shisha use was 159 (7.9-167.2) ng/mL and 30 min after use was 163.2 (13.5-167.3) ng/mL. 18 The UCot level in our study was higher than with the shisha use by cigarette smokers. This may have been caused by the period after using the shisha and before the test being brief (30 min).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Urinary Cotinine and Nicotine Dependence Levels in Regular Male Electronic Cigarette Users

Pamungkasningsih¹,

Taufik²,

Samoedro³

et al. 2021

Eurasian J Med

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Objective Found in plasma, urine, and saliva, cotinine can be used as a biomarker for nicotine in electronic cigarette (e-cig) users. Nicotine is addictive and causes dependence. Thus, it becomes a problem in smoking cessation programs. This study aimed to determine the relationship between urinary cotinine (UCot) and nicotine dependence levels in regular male e-cig users. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study consecutively included regular male e-cig users and non-smokers. All subjects were interviewed and had their UCot levels measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The regular e-cig users completed the Penn State Nicotine Dependence Index questionnaire. Results This study recruited 71 males aged 18-45 years divided into e-cig users and non-smokers group. The predominating characteristics in e-cig users are as follows: 23 males (67.6%) aged <30 years, the highest education of senior high school 25 (73.5%) and 25 (73.5%) subjects had occupation. The UCot levels among the e-cig users in the non-dependency group were lower than that of the medium-high dependency group ( P = .008). The median value for UCot level in the regular e-cig users was higher than that of the non-smoker group (276.11 [58.01-284.15] ng/mL vs 5.21 [4.65-23.72] ng/mL, P < .001). Factors influencing the UCot levels of the e-cig users were age ( P = .041), nicotine level of the e-cig liquid ( P = .013), and the flavor of the e-cig liquid (eg, menthol or non-menthol; P = .040). Conclusion UCot and nicotine dependence levels in the regular male e-cig users were significantly related. Nicotine dependence was found in 76.5% of the regular male e-cig users. The UCot levels in the e-cig users were significantly higher than in the non-smokers.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Urinary Cotinine and Nicotine Dependence Levels in Regular Male Electronic Cigarette Users

Pamungkasningsih¹,

Taufik²,

Samoedro³

et al. 2021

Eurasian J Med

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“…We have recently reported a higher increase of cotinine (19-fold increase) in mice chronically (6 mo) exposed to WPS (8.3 ± 2.6 pg/ml) compared with control group (0.40 ± 0.06 pg/ml) [47]. In humans smoking water-pipe, the concentration of cotinine in urine is much higher (25-fold increase) compared with non-smokers (median 162.7 versus 6.5 ng/ml) [48]. It remains to establish the effects of unflavoured WPS versus AF-WPS following chronic exposure to WPS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Inhalation Triggers Thrombogenicity, Cardiac Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice: Effects of Flavouring

Al-Salam

Beegam

Yuvaraju

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The consumption of water-pipe smoking (WPS) has been promoted by the use of flavoured tobacco. However, little is known about the impact of flavouring on the cardiovascular toxicity induced by WPS inhalation. Here, we compared the cardiovascular effects and underlying mechanism of actions of plain (P) (unflavoured) versus apple-flavoured (AF) WPS (30 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 1 month) in mice. Control mice were exposed to air. Both P- and AF-WPS inhalation induced an increase in systolic blood pressure, thrombogenicity and plasma concentration of fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor. In heart homogenates, AF-WPS inhalation caused an increase of 8-isoprostane and a decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Nevertheless, P-WPS decreased only the activity of SOD. The concentrations of tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β were increased only in heart homogenates of mice exposed to AF-WPS. Although both P- and AF-WPS increased the concentration of troponin I in heart homogenates and induced DNA damage, the concentration of cleaved caspase 3 was only increased in mice exposed to AF-WPS. Immunohistochemical analysis of the hearts showed that both P- and AF- WPS inhalation decreased the expression of SOD. Moreover, the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 at nuclear level in the heart was higher in both AF-WPS and P-WPS compared with control group, and the effect observed in AF-WPS group was more significant than that seen in P-WPS group. Likewise, the concentration of heme oxygenase-1 was significantly increased in both P-WPS and AF-WPS groups compared with control group, and the effect seen in AF-group was higher than that observed in P-WPS group. In conclusion, our findings showed that both P- and AF-WPS induce thrombogenicity and cardiac injury, and that this toxicity is potentiated by the presence of flavouring.

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“…11,12 Other toxic compounds obtained in shisha smoke include nicotine, carbon monoxide, aromatic amines, aldehydes, furanic and phenolic compounds, TAR, heavy metals, and ammonia. 2,6,[11][12][13][14] The amount of these toxins may be higher or lower in shisha compared to cigarette smoke (per stick/and per pack/day) depending on the heating process as well as different charcoal burning process. 12 Nicotine, the main source of this tobacco addiction, has several ingredients in shisha that vary greatly depending on the type of tobacco used.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cigarettes occupy the second position as the leading cause of death globally and are estimated to be the cause of death of 1 in 10 adults in the world. 2 The number of smoking-related deaths is expected to reach 8.3 million by 2030. 1,3 Smoking, regardless of the method, can cause health hazards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Sisha on Respiratory Health

et al. 2022

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Smoking sisha is considered a more socially acceptable activity in Middle East. The prevalence of sisha smokers varies among adolescent in the Middle East. Smoking sisha involves burning tobacco with a certain aroma, commonly referred to as molasses, and burning it using coal. Some people consider sisha a safer alternative to cigarettes, but some of evidence show the harmful and detrimental respiratory health effects associated with the use of sisha.

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Levels of urinary cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide after shisha smoking

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Urinary Cotinine and Nicotine Dependence Levels in Regular Male Electronic Cigarette Users

Urinary Cotinine and Nicotine Dependence Levels in Regular Male Electronic Cigarette Users

Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Inhalation Triggers Thrombogenicity, Cardiac Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice: Effects of Flavouring

The Effect of Sisha on Respiratory Health

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