Lignin in wheat internodes. Part 1: The reactivities of lignin units during alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation

Iiyama, Kenji; Lam, Thi Bach Tuyet

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740510405

Cited by 107 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Extractive-free CWRs were next obtained as described by Patten et al (2005) with successive extraction with ethanol:toluene (1:1, v/v), ethanol, and water of each powdered sample (approximately 1 g). Lignin contents were estimated by the AcBr method (Iiyama and Wallis, 1988) as modified (Jourdes et al, 2007), whereas lignin monomeric compositions were estimated using thioacidolysis (Rolando et al, 1992;Blee et al, 2001) and NBO (Iiyama and Lam, 1990;Patten et al, 2005) Lignin Estimations Using MBMS MBMS is a high-throughput method that uses nonextracted wood flour samples. It is based on pyrolysis mass spectrometry (described below) and after calibration gives both lignin and S/G estimates.…”

Section: Estimated Lignin Contents and Monomeric Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antisense Down-Regulation of 4CL Expression Alters Lignification, Tree Growth, and Saccharification Potential of Field-Grown Poplar

Voelker

Lachenbruch²,

Meinzer³

et al. 2010

Plant Physiology

204

187

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Transgenic down-regulation of the Pt4CL1 gene family encoding 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) has been reported as a means for reducing lignin content in cell walls and increasing overall growth rates, thereby improving feedstock quality for paper and bioethanol production. Using hybrid poplar (Populus tremula 3 Populus alba), we applied this strategy and examined field-grown transformants for both effects on wood biochemistry and tree productivity. The reductions in lignin contents obtained correlated well with 4CL RNA expression, with a sharp decrease in lignin amount being observed for RNA expression below approximately 50% of the nontransgenic control. Relatively small lignin reductions of approximately 10% were associated with reduced productivity, decreased wood syringyl/guaiacyl lignin monomer ratios, and a small increase in the level of incorporation of H-monomers (p-hydroxyphenyl) into cell walls. Transgenic events with less than approximately 50% 4CL RNA expression were characterized by patches of reddish-brown discolored wood that had approximately twice the extractive content of controls (largely complex polyphenolics). There was no evidence that substantially reduced lignin contents increased growth rates or saccharification potential. Our results suggest that the capacity for lignin reduction is limited; below a threshold, large changes in wood chemistry and plant metabolism were observed that adversely affected productivity and potential ethanol yield. They also underline the importance of field studies to obtain physiologically meaningful results and to support technology development with transgenic trees.Composed of diverse layers of cellulose microfibrils and amorphous hemicelluloses within a matrix of pectins, proteins, and lignin, the secondary cell walls of plants are diverse in their morphology, chemistry, and physiological functions. Lignification is of particular interest, as it exhibits highly predictable temporal and spatial patterning and is the last major step in the structural reinforcement of cell walls before the protoplast is dissolved (Donaldson, 2001

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Section: Estimated Lignin Contents and Monomeric Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antisense Down-Regulation of 4CL Expression Alters Lignification, Tree Growth, and Saccharification Potential of Field-Grown Poplar

Voelker

Lachenbruch²,

Meinzer³

et al. 2010

Plant Physiology

204

187

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The extinction coefficient for calculating lignin concentration was based on a purified HCl-dioxane lignin isolated from corn stems [23]. Lignin composition was determined using nitrobenzene oxidation following the procedure of Iiyama and Lam [24] with slight modifications.…”

Section: Preparation Of Tissue Materials For Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize Development: Cell Wall Changes in Leaves and Sheaths

Hatfield¹,

Marita²

2017

AJPS

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Developmental changes occur in maize (Zea mays L.) as it transitions from juvenile stages to the mature plant. Changes also occur as newly formed cells mature into adult cells. Maize leaf blades including the midribs and sheaths undergo cell wall changes as cells transition to fully mature cell types. As is common in grasses during cell wall maturation, the lignin in the plant tissue is acylated with p-coumarates (pCA). This work characterizes cell walls in maize that make up leaf blade, leaf midrib, and sheath tissues corresponding to tissue development. Maize plants grown in the greenhouse were harvested; leaf, leaf midrib, and sheath tissues from nodes 9 through 14 tissues were analyzed for cell wall composition. Cell wall carbohydrates varied with the type of maize tissue, but there was little change within a tissue type among the different nodes. Lignin concentrations were lowest in the leaf blade

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“…Hedges and Ertel 14 recommended an alkaline CuO oxidation procedure to investigate aromatic composition of lignin in the field of geochemistry. However, CuO oxidation produces significant amount of p-hydroxyacetophenones such as acetovanillon and acetosyringone 14,15,46 , and total yield of oxidation products is much lower than that by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation, because of different reaction mechanism between the both procedures 6,22 . Alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation should be preferred to discuss aromatic composition in this study.…”

Section: Aromatic Composition and Intermonomer Linkagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alkaline CuO oxidation gives significant amount of p-hydroxyacetophenones such as acetovanillon and acetosyringone 14,15,46 , and total yield of monomeric oxidation products is considerably lower than that by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation because of different reaction mechanism between both the procedures 6,22 . In this study, peat samples collected from tropical peat swamps at Narathiwat Province, southern Thailand, were characterised by analytical methods used in plant cell wall science instead of procedures used in soil organic chemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, peat samples collected from tropical peat swamps at Narathiwat Province, southern Thailand, were characterised by analytical methods used in plant cell wall science instead of procedures used in soil organic chemistry. An alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation 22 , an analytical ozonation 1 , methoxyl group 13 and acidic groups determination (carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups) by diazomethane methylation 20 were applied to investigate aromatic composition, intermonomer linkages, the modification of aromatic moiety and the introduction of acidic groups of lignin in peat samples, respectively. In addition, lignin was isolated from peat sample according to Björk-man's procedure 3 to discuss in detail structural feature of lignin in peat and to understand process of modification of lignin during peat formation by spectroscopic procedures, such as 1 H-NMR, FTIR and UV spectroscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Modification of Lignin in Peat during Peat Formation at Tropical Swamp

Jin

Shao

Katsumata

et al. 2009

JARQ

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Lignin in wheat internodes. Part 1: The reactivities of lignin units during alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation

Abstract: A B S T R A C T The alkaline nitrobenzene procedure for determining lignin building units has

Cited by 107 publications

References 15 publications

Antisense Down-Regulation of 4CL Expression Alters Lignification, Tree Growth, and Saccharification Potential of Field-Grown Poplar

Antisense Down-Regulation of 4CL Expression Alters Lignification, Tree Growth, and Saccharification Potential of Field-Grown Poplar

Maize Development: Cell Wall Changes in Leaves and Sheaths

Structural Modification of Lignin in Peat during Peat Formation at Tropical Swamp

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