Lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid influence milk production ability via different early responses in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Tsugami, Yusaku; Wakasa, Haruka; Kawahara, Manabu; Nishimura, Takanori; Kobayashi, Ken

doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112472

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Bovine mastitis is a common disease that can cause serious damage to public health, animal welfare and the global economy [ 26 , 27 ]. The treatment of mastitis still involves antibiotics, which can easily promote drug resistance in pathogenic microorganisms, leading to an increase in drug-resistant strains and unhealthy foods [ 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Analysis of LncRNA in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Injuries Induced by Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus

Lin

Zhu

Hao

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are two common pathogenic microorganisms that cause mastitis in dairy cows. They can cause clinical mastitis and subclinical mastitis. In recent studies, lncRNAs have been found to play an important role in the immune responses triggered by microbial inducers. However, the actions of lncRNAs in bovine mastitis remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of bovine mammary epithelial cell injuries induced by treatment with E. coli and S. aureus, and to explore the lncRNA profile on cell injuries. The lncRNA transcriptome analysis showed a total of 2597 lncRNAs. There were 2234 lncRNAs differentially expressed in the E. coli group and 2334 in the S. aureus group. Moreover, we found that the E. coli and S. aureus groups of maternal genes targeted signaling pathways with similar functions according to KEGG and GO analyses. Two lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA interaction networks were constructed in order to predict the potential molecular mechanisms of regulation in the cell injuries. We believe that this is the first report demonstrating the dysregulation of lncRNAs in cells upon E. coli and S. aureus infections, suggesting that they have the potential to become important diagnostic markers and to provide novel insights into controlling and preventing mastitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Analysis of LncRNA in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Injuries Induced by Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus

Lin

Zhu

Hao

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Mastitis is a complex mammary syndrome caused by a conditionally pathogenic bacterium that manifests itself as an invasion of the mammary gland by the pathogen and triggers a violent inflammatory response ( 31 ). BMECs in dairy cows are the most important functional cells in mammary tissue, with important roles in the secretion and synthesis of milk and protection against invading pathogenic microorganisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BMECs not only respond to pathogenic bacteria, but also recruit other immune cells in preparation for further elimination of pathogens ( 10 , 33 ). LPS is a cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria and a major model molecule causing mammary inflammation ( 31 , 34 ). Our study found that LPS stimulation of BMECs significantly upregulated inflammatory factor levels, but menthol pretreatment significantly inhibited the secretion of LPS-induced inflammatory factors, suggesting a protective effect of menthol during the inflammatory response of BMECs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menthol Targeting AMPK Alleviates the Inflammatory Response of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells and Restores the Synthesis of Milk Fat and Milk Protein

et al. 2021

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Mastitis is one of the most serious diseases that causes losses in the dairy industry, seriously impairing milk production and milk quality, and even affecting human health. Menthol is a cyclic monoterpene compound obtained from the stem and leaves of peppermint, which has a variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of menthol on the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in primary bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (BMECs) and its anti-inflammatory mechanism. First, BMECs were isolated and amplified from the udders of Holstein cows by enzymatic hydrolysis. BMECs were treated with menthol (10, 50, 100, 200 μM) for 1h, followed by lipopolysaccharide (5μg/ml) for 12 h. Lipopolysaccharide treatment upregulated the protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS) and the mRNA abundance of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), while menthol was able to inhibit this effect. The inhibitory effect of menthol on proinflammatory factors was significantly reduced when autophagy was blocked using 3-Methyladenine (5μg/ml), an inhibitor of autophagy. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide treatment reduced the expression levels of milk lipids and milk proteins, which were inhibited by menthol. In addition, menthol (200 μM) treatment was able to significantly upregulate the expression level of autophagy-related protein LC3B, downregulate the expression level of P62, promote the expression abundance of autophagy-related gene mRNA, and enhance significantly enhance autophagic flux. Interestingly, treatment of BMECs with menthol (200 μM) promoted the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and unc-51 like kinase 1 (ULK1) and increased the nuclear localization of nuclear factor-E2 associated factor 2 (Nrf-2). When the AMPK pathway was blocked using compound C (10μg/ml), an inhibitor of AMPK, autophagy was significantly inhibited. Autophagy levels were significantly decreased after blocking the Nrf-2 pathway using ML385 (5μg/ml), an inhibitor of Nrf-2. Overall, the data suggest that menthol activates the AMPK-ULK1 pathway to initiate the onset of autophagy and maintains the level of autophagy through the AMPK-Nrf-2 pathway. In conclusion, the findings suggest that menthol may alleviate the inflammatory response in BMECs via the AMPK/ULK1/Nrf-2/autophagy pathway.

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“…A study using inactivated E. coli and S. aureus to challenge bovine mammary epithelial cells reported a faster inflammatory response to inactivated E. coli than S. aureus [49]. A recent study by Tsugamia et al [50] compared the influence of 10 µg/mL LPS and LTA on the inflammatory response of lactating bovine mammary epithelial cells. Several genes related to inflammation, e.g., IL1B and TNF, were more upregulated by LPS compared to LTA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) on the Inflammatory Response in Rumen Epithelial Cells (REC) and the Impact of LPS on Claw Explants

Reisinger¹,

Wendner²,

Schauerhuber³

et al. 2021

Animals

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Endotoxins play a crucial role in ruminant health due to their deleterious effects on animal health. The study aimed to evaluate whether LPS and LTA can induce an inflammatory response in rumen epithelial cells. For this purpose, epithelial cells isolated from rumen tissue (REC) were stimulated with LPS and LTA for 1, 2, 4, and 24 h. Thereafter, the expression of selected genes of the LPS and LTA pathway and inflammatory response were evaluated. Furthermore, it was assessed whether LPS affects inflammatory response and structural integrity of claw explants. Therefore, claw explants were incubated with LPS for 4 h to assess the expression of selected genes and for 24 h to evaluate tissue integrity via separation force. LPS strongly affected the expression of genes related to inflammation (NFkB, TNF-α, IL1B, IL6, CXCL8, MMP9) in REC. LTA induced a delayed and weaker inflammatory response than LPS. In claw explants, LPS affected tissue integrity, as there was a concentration-dependent decrease of separation force. Incubation time had a strong effect on inflammatory genes in claw explants. Our data suggest that endotoxins can induce a local inflammatory response in the rumen epithelium. Furthermore, translocation of LPS might negatively impact claw health.

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Lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid influence milk production ability via different early responses in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Cited by 22 publications

References 57 publications

Genome-Wide Analysis of LncRNA in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Injuries Induced by Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus

Genome-Wide Analysis of LncRNA in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Injuries Induced by Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus

Menthol Targeting AMPK Alleviates the Inflammatory Response of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells and Restores the Synthesis of Milk Fat and Milk Protein

Effect of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) on the Inflammatory Response in Rumen Epithelial Cells (REC) and the Impact of LPS on Claw Explants

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