Abstract. Landslides whose slide surface is gentle near the toe and
relatively steep in the middle and rear part are common in the Three Gorges
Reservoir area, China. The mass that overlies the steep part of the slide
surface is termed the “driving section”, and that which overlies the gentle
part of the slide surface is termed the “resisting section”. A
driving–resisting model is presented to elucidate the deformation mechanism
of reservoir landslides of this type, as exemplified by Shuping landslide.
More than 13 years of field observations that include rainfall, reservoir
level, and deformation show that the displacement velocity of Shuping
landslide depends strongly on the reservoir level but only slightly on
rainfall. Seepage modeling shows that the landslide was destabilized
shortly after the reservoir was first impounded to 135 m, which initiated a
period of steady deformation from 2003 to 2006 that was driven by buoyancy
forces on the resisting section. Cyclical water level fluctuations in
subsequent years also affected slope stability, with annual “jumps” in
displacement coinciding with drawdown periods that produce outward seepage
forces. In contrast, the inward seepage force that results from rising
reservoir levels stabilizes the slope, as indicated by decreased
displacement velocity. Corrective transfer of earth mass from the driving
section to the resisting section successfully reduced the deformation of
Shuping landslide and is a feasible treatment for huge reservoir landslides
in similar geological settings.