Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid dose-dependently reduce fasting serum triglycerides

Musa-Veloso, Kathy; Binns, Malcolm A.; Kocenas, Alexandra Catherine; Poon, Theresa; Elliot, Julie Ann; Rice, Harry B.; Oppedal-Olsen, Hilde; Lloyd, Hilary; Lemke, Shawna L.

doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00272.x

Cited by 62 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…211 ). The TAG-lowering effect of LC n-3 PUFA has been well demonstrated, however, the magnitude of the effect varies depending on the dose of supplementation 212,213 . At present, n-3 PUFA ethyl esters are registered for treatment of dyslipidemia in several countries (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acids as Biocompounds: Their Role in Human Metabolism, Health and Disease - A Review. Part 2: Fatty Acid Physiological Roles and Applications in Human Health and Disease

Kremmyda¹,

Tvrzická²,

Staňková³

et al. 2011

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

154

134

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Background. This is the second of two review parts aiming at describing the major physiological roles of fatty acids, as well as their applications in specific conditions related to human health.Results. The review included the current literature published in Pubmed up to March 2011. In humans, fatty acids are a principle energy substrate and structural components of cell membranes (phospholipids) and second messengers. Fatty acids are also ligands of nuclear receptors affecting gene expression. Longer-chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid are precursors of lipid mediators such as eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes), resolvins and neuroprotectins. Lipid mediators produced by EPA and DHA (LC n-3 PUFA; mainly found in oily fish) are considered as inflammation-resolving, and thus, fish oil has been characterised as antiinflammatory. Recommendations for EPA plus DHA intake from oily fish vary between 250-450 mg/day. Dietary reference values for fat vary between nutrition bodies, but mainly agree on a low total and saturated fat intake. The existing literature supports the protective effects of LC n-3 PUFA (as opposed to n-6 PUFA and saturated fat) in maternal and offspring health, cardiovascular health, insulin sensitivity, the metabolic syndrome, cancer, critically ill patients, and immune system disorders.Conclusion. Fatty acids are involved in multiple pathways and play a major role in health. Further investigation and a nutrigenomics approach to the effects of these biocompounds on health and disease development are imperative and highlight the importance of environmental modifications on disease outcome.humans. Thus, these FA may be characterised as conditionally essential depending on EFA availability. Genetic variation in human desaturase genes affects FA metabolism, plasma lipid profiles, and risk of disease development [5][6][7] . Recommendations for minimum dietary intake of EPA plus DHA vary between 250-450 mg/day 8 , especially for pregnant women and those of reproductive age. Rich sources of LC n-3 PUFA are fish oils and the flesh of oily fish, whereas non-oily (white) fish contain them but in lower amounts.Long-chain PUFA with 18-20 carbon atoms, including EPA and AA, are precursors of eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leucotrienes and thromboxanes), which have a broad scale of regulatory, autocrine and paracrine effects. Long-chain PUFA with 20 and 22 carbon atoms are precursors of autacoids -resolvins (resolution phase interaction products), lipoxins and neuroprotectins 9 . FA are also ligands of nuclear receptors which take part in the subcellular control of metabolic pathways. Covalent modification of proteins by FA acylation enables their incorporation into membranes. Hydroxy FA are activators of some nuclear factors and are responsible for the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1,

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acids as Biocompounds: Their Role in Human Metabolism, Health and Disease - A Review. Part 2: Fatty Acid Physiological Roles and Applications in Human Health and Disease

Kremmyda¹,

Tvrzická²,

Staňková³

et al. 2011

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

154

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…65 These effects are primarily seen with prescription fish oils, which contain approximately 465 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and 375 mg of docosahexaenoic acid. Over the counter preparations have variable quantities of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid resulting in variable TG-lowering effects.…”

Section: Drug Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary hypertriglyceridemia in children and adolescents

Shah

Wilson

2015

Journal of Clinical Lipidology

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“…Segundo Musa-Veloso et al [22] , comitês internacionais recomendam a ingestão de 200-500 mg/dia de n-3 PUFA para populações saudáveis. Os autores apontam que tais doses estão associadas a reduções nas concentrações de triglicérides variando de -3,1% (IC95%: -5,9 a -0,31%) a -7,2% (IC95%:-11,6 a -2.5%).…”

Section: Peixeunclassified

Ácidos Graxos Poli-insaturados Ômega-3: saúde cardiovascular e sustentabilidade ambiental

Oliveira

Luzia

Rondó

2015

Segur. Aliment. Nutr.

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Os Ácidos Graxos Poli-insaturados Ômega-3 (n-3 PUFA) se referem a um conjunto de lipídios, incluindo os Ácidos Alfa-linolênico (ALA), Eicosapentaenóico (EPA) e Docoxahexaenóico (DHA). Estudos que tratam do papel do n-3 PUFA são abundantes e seu papel cardioprotetor está bem discutido na literatura, porém seus efeitos são mais evidentes na prevenção secundária, isto é, em populações com alguma alteração cardiovascular prévia. Apesar da ausência de fortes evidências em relação à prevenção primária, recomenda-se o consumo de peixe duas vezes por semana, além de outros alimentos fontes do ácido graxo, para pessoas sem doença cardiovascular diagnosticada. Equacionar as recomendações para a saúde e a possibilidade ambiental de atendê-las constitui-se em um grande desafio. As reservas de peixe têm sofrido rápido declínio nos últimos anos devido a seu caráter essencialmente extrativista, pois até mesmo a aquicultura envolve a utilização de pequenos peixes selvagens para a produção de ração. A utilização do óleo de microalgas, como fonte de n-3 PUFA para a aquicultura e para o consumo humano, pode ser uma alternativa, mas deve-se avaliar seu uso com responsabilidade para que haja preservação ambiental e garantia da segurança alimentar e nutricional.Palavras-chave: ácidos graxos ômega-3, ácido alfa-linolênico, ácido docosahexaenóico, ácido eicosapentaenóico, suplementos dietéticos, doenças cardiovasculares, sustentabilidade, Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional.

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Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid dose-dependently reduce fasting serum triglycerides

Cited by 62 publications

References 39 publications

Fatty Acids as Biocompounds: Their Role in Human Metabolism, Health and Disease - A Review. Part 2: Fatty Acid Physiological Roles and Applications in Human Health and Disease

Fatty Acids as Biocompounds: Their Role in Human Metabolism, Health and Disease - A Review. Part 2: Fatty Acid Physiological Roles and Applications in Human Health and Disease

Primary hypertriglyceridemia in children and adolescents

Ácidos Graxos Poli-insaturados Ômega-3: saúde cardiovascular e sustentabilidade ambiental

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