“…The model performed well with high accuracy TIMES [21] China's cement industry Multi: production, process, energy, economic Determined factor: cement production LEAP [33] Canadian cement industry Multi: energy, production, technology Determined factor: the penetration rate of the energy efficiency PSO-BP [31] China's cement industry 44 scenarios on the technology used in production line. MAPE = 2.92%, R 2 = 0.9999 PSO [30] U.S., China, and Japan Total emissions data MAPE = 7.9995% STIRPAT [34] China's reginal sectors Multi: natural and socio-economic factors R 2 = 0.984 V-GM [36] China's cement industry Multi: production, process, energy MAPE = 2.71%, R 2 = 0.9729 TIMES [35] Swiss cement industry Multi: technological and economic factors Average error rate = 2.01% System dynamic [37] Indonesian cement industry Multi: socio-economic, production, energy, technology Determined factor: cement production…”