Magnesium Urinary Excretion in Diabetic Adolescents

Abstract

Objective: to define peculiarities of urinary magnesium (Mg) excretion in diabetic adolecents; to elucidate gender-related differences in Mg urinary excretion; to determine urinary Mg excretion differences between diabetic and age-matched healthy children. The diurnal, nocturnal and 24–h urinary Mg level in adolescent boys and girls (aged 13–17 years) with type I diabetes mellitus (DM) and in age-matched control groups of healthy boys and girls was examined. Additionally the adolescent girls were examined during different phases of their menstrual cycle. Results: Diurnal, overnight and 24–h Mg urinary excretion in diabetic adolescent boys and girls was significantly higher than in healthy ones. In diabetic boys 24 h Mg excretion was higher than in diabetic girls (4.59±1.4 vs. 3.34±1.5 mmol; p<0.05). The investigation showed gender-related differences in Mg urinary excretion in healthy adolescents: 24–h Mg urinary excretion was significantly higher in boys than in girls (2.66±0.9 vs. 2.1±0.9 mmol; p<0.05). The level of Mg in the nocturnal urine of boys and girls was significantly higher than in diurnal. Urine Mg was negatively related to height in adolescent girls. Conclusion: Diabetic adolescents excrete significantly more Mg with urine as compared to healthy ones.

Association between magnesium concentration and HbA1c in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (儿童与青少年1型糖尿病患者的镁浓度与HbA1c之间的关系)

“…44 Actually, McNair et al reported the occurrence of a definite hypermagnesuria in 55% of 215 outpatients with IDDM. 18 Increased magnesium urinary excretion with a male predominance has also been reported in children and adolescents with T1DM compared with their healthy peers, 8,34,45,46 as well as in adult patients with diabetes; 26,27,29,35 however, inconsistent findings have also been published. 28 As far as the relationship between magnesium status and glycemic control is concerned, incompatible results exist on this topic in youth with T1DM.…”

“…reported the occurrence of a definite hypermagnesuria in 55% of 215 outpatients with IDDM . Increased magnesium urinary excretion with a male predominance has also been reported in children and adolescents with T1DM compared with their healthy peers, as well as in adult patients with diabetes; however, inconsistent findings have also been published …”

The Effect of Starting Blood Glucose Levels on Serum Electrolyte Concentrations during and after Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes

“…A possible mechanism explaining the lower urine potassium concentration in CON versus MOD during exercise and recovery could be increased activation of the renal outer medullary potassium channels in MOD due to lower magnesium concentration (as observed in the serum magnesium results) [28,29]. Lower plasma magnesium concentration has been reported in PWT1D compared to people without diabetes [30,31], which may be attributed to higher levels of urinary excretion of magnesium in those with T1D compared to non-diabetic controls [32].…”

Insulin receptor substrate 4 deficiency mediates the insulin effect on the epithelial magnesium channel TRPM6 and causes hypomagnesemia

“…In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Community Study, hypomagnesemia doubled the odds for T2DM (10). Patients with T2DM have a 30% higher frequency of hypomagnesemia compared to the general public and increased urinary Mg 2+ losses (7, 17, 18). However, the etiology of urinary Mg 2+ losses in diabetes mellitus is unclear and may include poor Mg 2+ intake, glomerular hyperfiltration, osmotic diuresis, and metabolic acidosis (19).…”