Magnetic force microscopy with frequency-modulated capacitive tip–sample distance control

Zhao, Xue; Schwenk, Johannes; Mandru, Andrada-Oana; Penedo, Marcos; Baćani, Mirko; Marioni, Miguel A.; Hug, H. J.

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aa9ca9

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…2k–o ). Note that in order to quantitatively compare the MFM signals obtained on different samples, a recently developed frequency modulated distance feedback method 37 was used. It permits keeping the tip-sample distance constant with a precision of about 0.5 nm over many days, even after reapproaching the tip on different samples and in applied magnetic fields.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence of distinct skyrmion phases observed in hybrid ferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic multilayers

et al. 2020

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Materials hosting magnetic skyrmions at room temperature could enable compact and energetically-efficient storage such as racetrack memories, where information is coded by the presence/absence of skyrmions forming a moving chain through the device. The skyrmion Hall effect leading to their annihilation at the racetrack edges can be suppressed, for example, by antiferromagnetically-coupled skyrmions. However, avoiding modifications of the inter-skyrmion distances remains challenging. As a solution, a chain of bits could also be encoded by two different solitons, such as a skyrmion and a chiral bobber, with the limitation that it has solely been realized in B20-type materials at low temperatures. Here, we demonstrate that a hybrid ferro/ferri/ferromagnetic multilayer system can host two distinct skyrmion phases at room temperature, namely tubular and partial skyrmions. Furthermore, the tubular skyrmion can be converted into a partial skyrmion. Such systems may serve as a platform for designing memory applications using distinct skyrmion types.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence of distinct skyrmion phases observed in hybrid ferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic multilayers

et al. 2020

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“…To allow a detailed comparison of MFM data taken at different fields, the tip was scanned parallel to the slope of the sample surface with an average tip-sample distance kept constant at 10.5 nm using frequencymodulated capacitive tip-sample distance control. 36 Because an MFM measures the sum of all forces acting on the tip, non-magnetic background forces and also magnetic forces stemming from magnetic fields generated by a variation of the magnetic moment areal density are separated (see Supplementary Information) from the measured ∆f signal. In this way the data depicted here solely contain contributions arising from the up/down nanoscale domain/skyrmion structures.…”

Section: Mfm Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Nanoscale Skyrmions in SrIrO₃/SrRuO₃ Bilayers

et al. 2019

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“…Complementary, the complex reversal behavior was locally imaged at 40 K by an ultrahigh vacuum magnetic force microscope operating in magnetic fields of up to 7 T. 33 Details on the magnetic force microscopy (MFM) data acquisition and data processing can be found in refs ( 31 ) and ( 34 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic Origin of Magnetization Reversal in Nanoscale Exchange-Coupled Ferri/Ferromagnetic Bilayers: Implications for High Energy Density Permanent Magnets and Spintronic Devices

Heigl

Vogler

Mandru

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Giant exchange bias shifts of several Tesla have been reported in ferrimagnetic/ferromagnetic bilayer systems, which could be highly beneficial for contemporary high energy density permanent magnets and spintronic devices. However, the lack of microscopic studies of the reversal owing to the difficulty of measuring few nanometer-wide magnetic structures in high fields precludes the assessment of the lateral size of the inhomogeneity in relation to the intended application. In this study, the magnetic reversal process of nanoscale exchange-coupled bilayer systems, consisting of a ferrimagnetic TbFeCo alloy layer and a ferromagnetic [Co/Ni/Pt] N multilayer, was investigated. In particular, minor loop measurements, probing solely on the reversal characteristics of the softer ferromagnetic layer, reveal two distinct reversal mechanisms, which depend critically on the thickness of the ferromagnetic layer. For thick layers, irreversible switching of the macroscopic minor loop is observed. The underlying microscopic origin of this reversal process was studied in detail by high-resolution magnetic force microscopy, showing that the reversal is triggered by in-plane domain walls propagating through the ferromagnetic layer. In contrast, thin ferromagnetic layers show a hysteresis-free reversal, which is nucleation-dominated due to grain-to-grain variations in magnetic anisotropy of the Co/Ni/Pt multilayer and an inhomogeneous exchange coupling with the magnetically hard TbFeCo layer, as confirmed by micromagnetic simulations.

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Magnetic force microscopy with frequency-modulated capacitive tip–sample distance control

Cited by 27 publications

References 38 publications

Coexistence of distinct skyrmion phases observed in hybrid ferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic multilayers

Coexistence of distinct skyrmion phases observed in hybrid ferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic multilayers

Observation of Nanoscale Skyrmions in SrIrO₃/SrRuO₃ Bilayers

Microscopic Origin of Magnetization Reversal in Nanoscale Exchange-Coupled Ferri/Ferromagnetic Bilayers: Implications for High Energy Density Permanent Magnets and Spintronic Devices

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Magnetic force microscopy with frequency-modulated capacitive tip–sample distance control

Cited by 27 publications

References 38 publications

Coexistence of distinct skyrmion phases observed in hybrid ferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic multilayers

Coexistence of distinct skyrmion phases observed in hybrid ferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic multilayers

Observation of Nanoscale Skyrmions in SrIrO3/SrRuO3 Bilayers

Microscopic Origin of Magnetization Reversal in Nanoscale Exchange-Coupled Ferri/Ferromagnetic Bilayers: Implications for High Energy Density Permanent Magnets and Spintronic Devices

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Observation of Nanoscale Skyrmions in SrIrO₃/SrRuO₃ Bilayers