Mass Impacts on Fuel Economies of Conventional vs. Hybrid Electric Vehicles

An, Feng; Santini, D.J.

doi:10.4271/2004-01-0572

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In all scenarios, the US population is assumed to increase 69% between 1990 and 2050, from 248.7 million to 419.9 million. Our study is informed by numerous other studies and reports found in the literature, which discuss the various strategies available for mitigating emissions in the different transport subsectors by pulling the transport, energy, and carbon intensity levers (e.g., An and Santini, 2004;Ang-Olson and Schroeer, 2003;ARB, 2004;Arthur D. Little, 2002;Cowart, 2008;EUCAR, 2007;Eyring et al, 2005;Frey and Kuo, 2007;Greene and Schafer, 2003;Greszler, 2007;IEA, 2008;IUR, 2008;Kahn Ribeiro et al, 2007;Kasseris and Heywood, 2007;Kromer and Heywood, 2007;Marintek, 2000;O'Connor, 2007;Rodier, 2009;Weiss et al, 2000;Yang et al, 2008). In this study, we do not explicitly model the economics (e.g., costs and benefits) and dynamics (e.g., interactions, timing and transition issues) associated with specific mitigation options, although other studies addressing these issues have informed our judgments as to what is plausible in the 2050 timeframe, with respect to technology, economics, consumer acceptance, and structural and behavioral change.…”

Section: Transport Carbonmentioning

confidence: 98%

Achieving deep reductions in US transport greenhouse gas emissions: Scenario analysis and policy implications

2009

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Section: Transport Carbonmentioning

confidence: 98%

Achieving deep reductions in US transport greenhouse gas emissions: Scenario analysis and policy implications

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…For example, An and Santini investigated mass impacts on fuel economy of conventional vehicles and HEVs for city and highway drive cycles [16]. They defined the mass-impact term which includes inertia to examine its effect on fuel consumption.…”

Section: Vehicle Mass and Inertiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle Inertia Impact on Fuel Consumption of Conventional and Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Acceleration and Coast Driving Strategy

Lee

Nelson

Lohse-Busch³

2009

SAE Technical Paper Series

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In the past few years, the price of petroleum based fuels, especially vehicle fuels such as gasoline and diesel, has been increasing at a significant rate. Consequently, there is much more consumer interest related to reducing fuel consumption for conventional vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) than in the past.The goal of many competitions and challenges held in North America and Europe is to achieve extremely low fuel consumption. A possible strategy to reduce fuel consumption is to use the vehicle's fuel converter such as an engine to accelerate the vehicle to a high speed and coast to a lower speed with the engine off. This method will reduce fuel flow to zero during the coast phase. Also, the vehicle uses higher power engine load to accelerate to the upper vehicle speed in a limited time, thus increasing the engine brake thermal efficiency. This strategy is known as "pulse and glide" or "burn and coast" in some references.In this study, the "pulse and glide" (PnG) method is first applied to a conventional vehicle to quantify the fuel consumption benefits when compared to steady speed conditions over the same distance. After that, an HEV is used as well to investigate if a hybrid system can further reduce fuel consumption with the proposed strategy. Note that the HEV used in this study has the advantage that the engine can be automatically shut off below a certain speed (~40 mph) at low loads, however a driver must shut off the engine manually in a conventional vehicle to apply this driving strategy.iii In this document, three preliminary results of the PnG driving strategy are presented; (1) improved fuel economy for a conventional vehicle from a simple spread sheet model, (2) improved fuel economy for an HEV from a dynamic vehicle simulation model (the Powertrain Analysis Toolkit (PSAT)) and (3) improved fuel economy for an HEV from vehicle testing at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), all compared to steady speed conditions. The preliminary results show that the impact of engine load and kinetic energy stored in vehicle inertia is significant for fuel consumption using a PnG driving strategy compared to steady speed driving at the same average speed case. Especially, fuel economy can be improved at low speed range and higher acceleration because the aerodynamic drag force is smaller at low speed and the engine is running in a more efficient region for a short period of time respectively. In the last section, proposed directions of research are addressed based on the preliminary results.iv

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“…20 By recapturing the kinetic energy of a decelerating vehicle (while the engine speed is decreasing) and using regenerative braking instead of friction breaking, the fuel economy of a typical vehicle can be increased by 10%. 21 Regenerative braking works as follows: As a driver brakes in a hybrid or electric car, the kinetic energy, normally dissipated as heat, supplies power to a generator. The generated electrical energy then charges the energy storage system every time the brakes are applied.…”

Section: Hybridization and Electric Drivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road Transportation Vehicles

et al. 2008

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In many industrial countries, road transportation accounts for a significant portion of the country's energy consumption. In developing countries, the use of energy for transportation is on the rise. The recent increase in petroleum prices, expanding world economic prosperity, the probable peaking of conventional petroleum production in the coming decades, and concerns about global climate changes require efforts to increase the efficiency of the use of, and develop alternatives for, petroleum-based fuels used in road transportation. The energy efficiency of a vehicle could be improved in several ways: lightweighting the vehicle structure and powertrain using advanced materials and designs, improving the efficiency of the internal combustion engine, reducing tire rolling resistance, and hybridization. Each of these efforts will require improvements in materials and processes.

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Mass Impacts on Fuel Economies of Conventional vs. Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Cited by 42 publications

References 9 publications

Achieving deep reductions in US transport greenhouse gas emissions: Scenario analysis and policy implications

Achieving deep reductions in US transport greenhouse gas emissions: Scenario analysis and policy implications

Vehicle Inertia Impact on Fuel Consumption of Conventional and Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Acceleration and Coast Driving Strategy

Road Transportation Vehicles

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